CONCEPT MAP

Ecology
Study of reciprocal relationship between
organisms and their environment
Climatic
• Light
• Temperature
• Wind
Organisms Abiotic factors • Rain(precipitati
• Basic unit of ecological hierarchy. on)
• Interact with physical environment • Atmospheric
comprised of atmosphere, hydrosphere humidity
and lithosphere.
• Adaptions enable them to survive and
reproduce in their habits.
• Environment factors (abiotic and biotic) Edaphic
influence the form and functioning of
organisms. Biotic factors • Mineral matter
• Organic matter
• Bacteria, Algae,
Levels of ecological organization

• Soil
Fungi, Parasites,
Saprophytes,
Symbionts, Animals
Tropographic
• Altitude
• Steepness of
Population Density slope
• Direction of slope
Characteristics of

• Organisms of the same kind form Natality

population Mortality Emigration
population

• They are capable of interbreeding Dispersal

among themselves Age distribution Immigration
Biotic potential
j-shaped (exponential)
Growth form
community
• Population of different species s-shaped(logistic)
occurring in a habitat Species composition
• Different kinds of plants and other organism
present in a community
Features

Dominance
• Only once or few species in a community
dominate and influence other species in terms of
numbers and biomass production
Ecosystem
• It includes biological
community, integrated with its Stratification
physical environment. • Vertical layering of vegetation in which different
layers are occupied by different species.

Mutualism
Positive Protocooperation
Commensalism
Biosphere Species
Competition
• Includes all ecosystems on the interaction
Negative Predation
earth.
Parasitism