Pharos University

Faculty of Engineering
Architectural Department

HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE 2

Associate Prof. Dr. Ghada Ragheb

2017-2018
 Lec.3

Ancient Greek
Architecture
3,000-30 B.C.
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Architectural orders:

A- Doric temples:

Temple of :

Hera, Olympia
Zeus, Olympia
Parthenon, Athens
Poseidon, Paestum
Apollo/Bassae
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Architectural orders:

B- Ionic temples:

Temple of the Artemision of Ephesos

Temple of Athena Polias, Priene

Temples:
Design Principles :
 Architectural orders:

C- Corinthian temples:

Temple of :

Olympian Zeus, Athens

Temples:
Design Principles :
 The Base:

In general The base of temples consist of

three steps with height 50 cm for each
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Shape and Orientation:
W
S N
E
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Floor Plan of temple : N
Cella
The central cult structure of the
temple is the naos or Cella, which
usually contained a cult statue of the
god.

Pronaos
In front of the cella, there is a
porch, the pronaos, created by the
prominent side walls of the cella
and two columns placed between
them.
A door allows the cella to be
accessed from the pronaos
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Floor Plan of temple : N
Opisthodomos:

A similar room at the back of the cella.

There is no door connecting the

opisthodomos with the cella

The adyton :

A restricted space, may be

included at the far end of
the cella, backing up on the
opisthodomos.
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Floor Plan of temple : N

• Rectangle shape
• Entrance at one end, one or two
rooms
• Surrounding columns
• Served a home for god or goddess.
• Roofs made with tiles
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Columns:

Colonnades:

temple surrounded by
(colonnades) on all four sides,
each usually formed by a
single or double rows of
columns.
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Columns:
 Temples:
Design Principles :
 Elevation

Tympanum: a vertical recessed

triangular space forming the
center of a pediment

Entasis: a slight convex curve in

the shaft of a column, introduced
to correct the visual illusion of
concavity produced by a straight
shaft
Golden Section
The Parthenon.
Athens

1.618
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Roof:

Most buildings in
classical Greece were
covered by traditional
prop-and-lintel
constructions, which
often needed to
include interior
colonnades.
Temples:
Design Principles :
 Coloring:

Only three basic colors

were used: white, blue and
red, sometimes also black.
Important Structures The
Acropolis
• The most famous Greek
buildings topped the Athenian
Acropolis.

• These include: the Temple of

Athena Nike, the Parthenon,
and the Erectheum.
Parthenon Temples:
Erechtheum
Temples
Thank you