Table of Content

• GUIDE CARD
• ACTIVITY CARD
• ASSESSMENT CARD
• ENRICHMENT CARD
• REFERENCE CARD
• ANSWER KEY
 The BIGBANG THEORY
Alexander Friedman and George Lemaitre
-the proponents of the theory of BIG BANG THEORY in 1920.
- Our Universe was born about 13.7 billion years ago, there was nothing
And nowhere.
-due to random fluctuation in an empty void, there is a great explosion or
expansion
-the explosion sent space , time, matter and energy in all direction.
Singularity –all the matter and energy in the universe are crammed into tiny
compact point .
irections: Place the words in the boxes. Find the clues in
the pictures ACTIVITY #1
EXPLOSION LEXAREDN AMNRIEDF
is a rapid increase
Alexander Friedman in volume and release
of energy in an extreme
He is best known for his manner
pioneering theory that the
universe was expanding ERSVINUE
Universe
Is all
of space and time and
their
OINNSPAEX
contents, including planet
s, stars, galaxies, and all
other forms
of matter and energy
ERTIAMEL EGOGER

EXPANSION
OPLIOSNXE
the action of
George Lemaitre becoming larger or
more extensive.
also proposed what became
known as the Big
Bang theory of the origin of
the universe
Bang Theory Timeline
1.The Big Bang
10-43 seconds
The universe begins with a cataclysm that generates space and time, as well as all
the matter and energy the universe will ever hold. For an incomprehensibly small
fraction of a second, the universe is an infinitely dense, hot fireball. The prevailing
theory describes a peculiar form of energy that can suddenly push out the fabric of
space.
 At 10-35 to 10-33 seconds a runaway process called "Inflation" causes a vast
expansion of space filled with this energy. The inflationary period is stopped only
when this energy is transformed into matter and energy as we know it.
2.The Universe Takes Shape

10-6 seconds
After inflation, one millionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe
continues to expand but not nearly so quickly. As it expands, it becomes less
dense and cools. The most basic forces in nature become distinct: first
gravity, then the strong force, which holds nuclei of atoms together, followed
by the weak and electromagnetic forces. By the first second, the universe is
made up of fundamental particles and energy: quarks, electrons, photons,
neutrinos and less familiar types. These particles smash together to form
protons and neutrons.
3.Formation of Basic Elements
3 seconds
Protons and neutrons come together to form the nuclei of simple elements:
hydrogen, helium and lithium. It will take another 300,000 years for electrons to be
captured into orbits around these nuclei to form stable atoms.

4.The Radiation Era

10,000 years
The first major era in the history of the universe is one in which most of the energy
is in the form of radiation -- different wavelengths of light, X rays, radio waves and
ultraviolet rays. This energy is the remnant of the primordial fireball, and as the
universe expands, the waves of radiation are stretched and diluted until today,
they make up the faint glow of microwaves which bathe the entire universe.
5.Beginning the Era of Matter Domination

300,000 years
At this moment, the energy in matter and the energy in radiation are
equal. But as the relentless expansion continues, the waves of light are
stretched to lower and lower energy, while the matter travels onward
largely unaffected. At about this time, neutral atoms are formed as
electrons link up with hydrogen and helium nuclei. The microwave
background radiation hails from this moment, and thus gives us a direct
picture of how matter was distributed at this early time.
6.Birth of Stars and Galaxies

300 million years

Gravity amplifies slight irregularities in the density of the primordial gas.
Even as the universe continues to expand rapidly, pockets of gas
become more and more dense. Stars ignite within these pockets, and
groups of stars become the earliest galaxies. This point is still perhaps
12 to 15 billion years before the present.
 ASSESSMENT CARD
 Begins with a cataclysm that generates space and time, as well as all the matter and energy the univers
The Big Bang 
will ever hold/ 10-43 seconds
At 10-35 to 10-33 seconds a runaway process called "Inflation" causes a vast expansion of space filled with this energy

 Universe Takes Shape  After inflation, one millionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe continues to
expand but not nearly so quickly/ 10-6 seconds

 Protons and neutrons come together to form the nuclei of simple elements: hydrogen,
 Formation of helium and lithium
BasicElements  It will take another 300,000 years

 One in which most of the energy is in the form of radiation -- different wavelengths of
Radiation Era light, X rays, radio waves and ultraviolet rays./ 10,000 years

 300,000 years
Beginning the Era of Matter At this moment, the energy in matter and the energy in radiation are equal. But as the relentless expans
continues, the waves of light are stretched to lower and lower energy, while the matter travels onward
Domination largely unaffected
Stars ignite within these pockets, and groups of stars become the earliest galaxies. This point is still perhaps 12 to 15
 Birth of Stars and 
billion years before the present
 Gravity amplifies slight irregularities in the density of the primordial gas. Even as the universe continues
Galaxies expand rapidly, pockets of gas become more and more dense./ 300,000 years
ASSESSMENT CARD QUIZ
Big Bang Theory
Timeline
Duration Description
ENRICHMENT 1:
In your own words describe what happen when air enter to
balloon and compare to
Big bang theory.
 Four Fundamental Forces
1. Strong Force – short ranged (10-13cm0 attractive force which binds
the nucleus.

2. Electromagnetic force –long range force that binds atoms which may
either be attractive or repulsive.

3. Weak force - short range force present in radioactive decay

4. Gravitational force - weak, long ranged and attractive force which

binds the solar system.
ENRICHMENT 2:
Name the forces and number it 1-4 in order.

Radioactive decay Binds the solar system

Binds Nucleus Binds Atoms

Evidences

Galaxies moving away

-in 1924 , Edwin Hubble found that starts are not uniformly distributed
In space. They gather together forming cluster called galaxies. By
measuring light from galaxies, he can determine the velocities. He found out
that nearly all galaxies were moving away. The distance galaxies was
increasing with time. If it was expanding they must have been closer
together in the past and maybe a single point in the beginning.
Presence of cosmic microwaves background(CMB)

-in 1960, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a

background radio emission coming from every direction in the
sky. This radiation was speculated to be the remnant energy
left over from the formation of the universe. This energy
probably dates back to the recombination era, when atoms
began to form.
Vocabulary words
• Singularity –all the matter and energy in the universe are
crammed into tiny compact point .
• Inflation -form of energy that can suddenly push out the
fabric of space
• radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the
form of waves or particles through space or through a
material medium. This includes: electromagnetic radiation,
such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, x-rays, and
gamma radiation
• Strong Force – short ranged (10-13cm0 attractive force which
binds the nucleus.
• Electromagnetic force –long range force that binds atoms which
may either be attractive or repulsive.
• Weak force- short range force present in radioactive decay.
• Gravitational force- weak, long ranged and attractive force which
binds the solar system.
• Expansion-the action of becoming larger or more extensive.
• Galaxy-a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas
and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.
 Evaluation quiz
1. - short range force present in radioactive decay.
2. -is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of
waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This
includes: electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves,
visible light, x-rays, and gamma radiation
3. - weak, long ranged and attractive force which binds the
solar system.
4. -all the matter and energy in the universe are crammed
into tiny compact point .
5. -form of energy that can suddenly push out the fabric of
space.
6. -short range force present in radioactive decay.
7. - short ranged (10-13cm0 attractive force which
binds the nucleus.
8. -the action of becoming larger or more
extensive.
9. -a system of millions or billions of stars,
together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational
attraction.
10.Explain The Big Bang Theory.
End of session
irections: Place the words in the boxes. Find the clues inACTIVITY #1
the pictures answer key
EXPLOSION LEXAREDN AMNRIEDF
is a rapid increase
Alexander Friedman in volume and release A L E X A N D E R F R I E D M A N
He is best known for his of energy in an extreme
manner
pioneering theory that the
universe was expanding ERSVINUE
Univers U N I V E R S E
eIs all
of space and time and
their
OINNSPAEX
contents, including planet
s, stars, galaxies, and all E X P A N S I O N
other forms
of matter and energy
ERTIAMEL EGOGER
G E O R G E L A M A I T R E

EXPANSION
OPLIOSNXE
the action of E X P L O S I O N
George Lemaitre becoming larger or
more extensive.
also proposed what became
known as the Big
Bang theory of the origin of
the universe
ASSESSMENT CARD QUIZ
Big Bang Theory
Timeline
Duration Description
 "Inflation" causes a vast expansion
The Big Bang At 10-35 to 10-33 seconds of space filled with this energy

Universe Takes 10-6 seconds

the universe continues to expand
Shape
Formation of Basic  It will take another 300,000 years
 Protons and neutrons come together to form the
nuclei of simple elements: hydrogen, helium and
Elements lithium

One in which most of the energy is in the form of

Radiation Era 10,000 years radiation -- different wavelengths of light, X rays,
radio waves and ultraviolet rays

Beginning the Era of Matter At this moment, the energy in matter and
300,000 years the energy in radiation are equal.
Domination
Birth of Stars and Galaxies Stars ignite within these pockets, and
12 to 15 billion years before the groups of stars become the earliest
present galaxies.
ENRICHMENT: 1 Answer

When air passed through the balloon and fill it .

We will notice that it is expanding .
Just like the Big bang theory when explosion occurred
everything are blown away and continue moving away to
each other.
ENRICHMENT 2: Answer keys

3 4

1
2
 Evaluation quiz : Answer keys
1.Weak force- short range force present in radioactive decay.
2.radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or
particles through space or through a material medium. This includes:
electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, x-rays,
and gamma radiation
3.Gravitational force- weak, long ranged and attractive force which binds the
solar system.
4.Singularity –all the matter and energy in the universe are crammed into tiny
compact point .
5.Inflation -form of energy that can suddenly push out the fabric of space
6.Weak force- short range force present in radioactive decay.
7.Strong Force – short ranged (10-13cm0 attractive force which binds the
nucleus.
8.Expansion-the action of becoming larger or more extensive.
9.Galaxy-a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust,
held together by gravitational attraction.
10.Our universe was born about 13.7 billion years ago, there was nothing
And nowhere.
-due to random fluctuation in an empty void, there is a great explosion or
expansion
-the explosion sent space , time, matter and energy in all direction.
Singularity –all the matter and energy in the universe are crammed into tiny
compact point .
 Reference

• http://patrickgrant.com/BBTL.htm
(John Michael Ramos)
• Chapter 1 Universe and Solar System Hand-outs page 4-7.
(Anthony Frejas)
Adjustment and editing
(Jacob and Doreen Imata)