Environmental Studies

(Monsoon 2017-18)
Group 17

Goal 15 (life on land)

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Problems faced before sdgs

• Demographics in Africa
• The vulnerable middle class
• Slower and unequal economic growth
• Migration
• Local governments face complex
challenges – but often lack the capacity to
cope
• Lack of good data leaves us in the dark

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 Sustainable
development goals
• Known as Transforming our world: the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development, is a set of
17 "Global Goals" with 169 targets.
• The SDGs build on the Principles agreed upon
under Resolution A/RES/66/288, popularly
known as ‘The Future We Want’.
• Released as a result of Rio+20 Conference held
in 2012 in Rio de Janerio, in Brazil.
• Colombia proposed the idea of SDGs.
• WHAT OUR WORLD WILL LOOK LIKE IN 2030.

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+169 targets
more…

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Why important??

• 8,300 animal breeds(જાતિઓ) known, 8% (ie.664) are extinct and 22% (ie.1826)
are at risk of extinction.
• The world has lost over 12 million hectors(ie.168,00,000 soccer fields,
approximate size of Tamilnadu state) of forest every year from 2000 to 2010.
• Erosion(ધોવાણ) carries away 25 to 40 billion tonnes of topsoil every year.
• Due to drought(દુ ષ્કાળ)and desertification each year 12 million hectares are
lost (23hectares per minute), where 20 million tons of grain could have been
grown.
• Illegal trade in wildlife put $15-20 billion into pockets of criminals annually.

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Target 15.1 (15.4,15.9,15.a)
•Ensure conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland
freshwater ecosystems, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and dry lands.
– Indicator: Forest area as a proportion of total land area

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Target 15.2

• Promote implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests,

halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and increase afforestation and
reforestation globally
_Indicator: Progress towards sustainable forest management

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Target 15.3
•Combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected
by desertification, drought and floods.
– Indicator: Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
• Sub indicator: Land Cover and Land Cover Change, Land Productivity,
Carbon Stocks

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Bonn Challenge
• Global effort to restore 150million hectares
of degraded land by 2020 & 350 million by
2030.
Potential benefits
• launched by international Union for
Economic Climate Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Bonn,
benefits benefits Germany on 2 September 2011, in
collaboration with targets delivery on
the Rio Conventions.
• Fulfilling this would create $84 billion per
year in net benefits.
• India is on 21 million hectare pledge.
13 million hectares by 2020
3.787 million 1.14 GtCO2 8 million hectares by 2030
USD sequestered
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Target 15.5
• Take urgent action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss
of biodiversity and prevent extinction of threatened species

 1 out of 8 birds

 1 out of 4 mammals

 1 out of 3 amphibians (ઉભયજીવીઓ )

 6 out of 7 marine turtles (દતિયાઇ કાચબા)

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Target 15.6 (15.b)
• Promote fair sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources
and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
_ Indicator: Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative
and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of
benefits.

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Target 15.7 (15.c)
• 15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of
flora and fauna and illegal wildlife products
_ Indicator: Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or
illicitly trafficked

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Target 15.8
• Introduce measures to prevent and reduce the impact of invasive alien species
on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
_Indicator: Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and
adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien
species.

American Mink Sea lamprey

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Progress in 2016

• The global net loss of forest area declined from 7.3 million hectares per year in
the 1990s to 3.3 million hectares per year during the period from 2010 to 2015.

• The percentage of terrestrial key biodiversity areas covered by protected areas

has increased, from 16.5% in 2000 to 19.3% in 2016.

• The share of freshwater key biodiversity areas that are protected has increased
from 13.8% to 16.%, and that of mountains has grown from 18.1% to 20.1%.

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• In 2014, bilateral ODA to support biodiversity amounted to $7 billion, an
increase of 16% in real terms over 2013. The two largest recipients of
biodiversity assistance were the Philippines and India, which together received
about $1 billion of the total aid.

• Since 1999, at least 7,000 species of animals and plants have been detected in
illegal trade.

• According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List

Index, amphibians are declining most rapidly in Latin America and the
Caribbean, as a result of the chytrid fungal disease. The greatest extinction risks
for birds and mammals are found in South-Eastern Asia

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Progress in 2017
• In 2015, bilateral ODA in support of biodiversity amounted to $8.8 billion, an
increase of 39% in real terms over 2014.

• As of April 2017, 144 countries ratified the International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture and 96 countries ratified the Nagoya
Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of
Benefits Arising from their Utilization.

• From 2000 to 2017, average worldwide coverage of terrestrial, freshwater and

mountain key biodiversity areas by protected areas increased from 35% to 47%,
from 32% to 43% and from 39% to 49%.

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• As of 2017, 76 per cent of the world’s mountain areas are covered by green
vegetation, including forests, shrubs, grasses and crops. Green cover on
mountains is lowest in Central Asia (31%) and highest in Oceania (excluding
Australia and New Zealand) (98%).

• 15% of land is currently under protection.

• From 2010 to 2015, the annual net loss of forest area globally was less than half
that of the 1990s. The proportion of land area covered by forest decreased from
31.65% in 1990 to 30.8% in 2010 and 30.6% in 2015.

• In 2013, elephant ivory, rosewood and rhinoceros horn comprised over 60% of
total wildlife and timber product seizures.

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Supporters

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 References
• http://www.bonnchallenge.org/ bonn challenge
• https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/goal-15-protecting-life-on-land/ Global Goal 15:
Protecting life on land
• http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/goals/goal-15/en/ Sustainable Development
Goal 15
• http://worldslargestlesson.globalgoals.org/global-goals/life-on-land/ life on land
• https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg15 Sustainable Development Goal15
• http://www.globalgoals.org/global-goals/life-on-land/ 15 life on land
• https://courses.sdgacademy.org/
• http://in.one.un.org/page/sustainable-development-goals/sdg-15/ SDG 15: Life On Land
• http://niti.gov.in/content/goal-15-protect-restore-and-promote-sustainable-use-terrestrial-
ecosystems-sustainably Goal 15
• https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/
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Thank you for your time
and attention ..
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