IOT ENABLED SMART FARM

USING NODE BASED ESP8266

By:
Dina dayanithi .D - RA1611003020219
Prithvi .D - RA1611003020245
Balaji .S - RA1611003020258

Guided by:
Ms. Sahaya Sakila V
 ABSTRACT
Farming has been the standard of richness of a country for hundreds of
years, but now, Farming and agriculture is one of the least chosen
professions by the current generation. The census of India report states that
amount of Indian farmers have dropped by 8.6 million in the past 10 years.
While many factors contribute to the decrease, one major factor is the fact
that farmers are forced to move to different fields of work due to crop
failures, water scarcity and so on. In a decade or two, at this rate of
decrease, We would barely have enough farmers to maintain agricultural
stability of India. With automation reaching its prime, it could be
employed in the field of agriculture to improve two aspects: rise in the
number of people working in agricultural sector and improvement in yield
hence reducing high man power to tend to the crops in a farm every once
in a while. Smart farming could change the way we cultivate our food for
the better.
 DOMAIN:
INTERNET OF THINGS
• The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of physical devices, vehicles, home
appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect, collect and
exchange data.
• The “things” in Internet of Things are the everyday objects in your house, only
hooked up to the internet.
• Today, India ranks second in the world in farm output 64% of cultivated land
dependent on monsoons. Irrigation accounts for 55-75% of water usage in
India. Nearly 60% of the water used in irrigation is wasted. we conserve water
by using soil moisture sensors.
• Economics of agricultural enterprises is closely associated with living
organisms, their growth and development processes, which cannot be
controlled at all times
• Dependence on external factors (climate, weather, etc.)
• Crop water management Pest management and control works, Precision
agriculture, Food production and safety etc.,
 INTRODUCTION
A great amount of crops results in crop failures everyday due to poor
farming practice and sudden climatic changes due to global warming.
With the drop in the number of people undertaking agriculture and
farming as their profession, the current rate is estimated to hit even lower
in a few years. But by employing smart technologies, the agricultural
stability could be maintained with very little man power. Another
advantage of employing such techniques is that the processes are quick
to execute when the criteria are met, a sudden increase in temperature
would trigger an automatic response in such systems whereas manually,
multiple people are required to combat it and it is time consuming, little
things like this affect the yield greatly. Our project proposes such a
system that doesn’t just detect a single parameter, but multiple
parameters and is programmed to effectively take countermeasures to
maintain the high yield of the crops and affect the outcome.
 Literature survey
• 1.1 The authors of [1] have a strong opinion about smart farming and they
have designed a GPS based vehicle using Zigbee module which is powered by
IOT. The vehicle works mainly on two modes : Automatic and Manual. The
vehicle consists of a microcontroller (Arduino), a moisture sensor, temperature
and humidity sensor, obstacle sensor, cutter, sprayer, motor, GPS module and a
Zigbee module. All together constitutes the proposed system. A mobile
application is used in order to show the closing output.
• 1.2 The proposed system of [2] is an implementation of smart farm which is
based on IOT with a minimal addition of automation technology. The data of
crop growth is collected and stored in a database, the growth is monitored
with the help of a sensor. They have used low power Bluetooth and low power
wide area network(LPWAN) communication modules including the wired
communication network. In addition, the system implements the monitoring
and control functions using the MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
communication method, which is an IOT dedicated protocol.
1.3 The authors of [3] have a different perspective towards IOT
based farming and they have mainly inculcated their ideas on
IOT frameworks rather than the traditional IOT based
technologies. The system supports reasoning over various
heterogeneous sensor data streams in real time. It can integrate
multiple cross-domain data streams, providing a complete
semantic processing pipeline, offering a common framework for
smart farming applications. It ensures seamless interoperability
among sensors, services, processes, operations and farmers.
 Problem statement
• The farmers working in the farmland are solely dependent on rains
for irrigation. Lately, farmers have been using manual techniques
with the help of motor pumps for irrigation, which causes water
loss in the long run as the system does not have specific amount of
water to pump out every time, this causes the plants to be either
under damped or over damped.
• Another major problem with manual techniques is that, when a
motor pump is in ON condition water starts flow towards the
bifurcated parts which leads to the crops, in this case it takes time
for the water to flow till the last crop and in some cases it may not
even reach some of the crops. Hence, to avoid the particular
quandary, smart farming must be brought in to act.
 Existing system
• The existing farm was designed in various types of microntroller such as
Arduino with gsm module, wifi shield ,and reciver can be used for
designing the system
• The disadvantages of this is the complexcity increases and cost is high.
• A Rasberry pi module which as na built with wifi and Bluetooth so that
the complexcity of the system is reduced but the cost is get increases.
• The another system can be desgined by using cc3200 which as on chip
wifi board which consume less power and least complexcity in the
circuitary but the system cost gets increases
• An external user can access the server with the help of the internet
and can control all the nodes connected to the server. The
communication happens here with the help of the low power
Bluetooth and Low Power WideArea Networks (LPWAN)
communication modules. This system is used only in order handle
the data virtually and not physically.
 Proposed system
• In the suggested system, NodeMCU is considered as a crucial component on
the whole. When any of the sensors present in the system senses any variation
in the environment it immediately intimates it to the NodeMCU I.E it sends
signal to the NodeMCU which in turn processes the required information. The
NodeMCU is wholly powered by the solar panel of 5v which absorbs sunlight
and converts it into electricity. The sensors such as temperature sensor and
humidity & moisture sensor are linked to the NodeMCU, when the
temperature surpasses the maximum temperature, the temperature sensor
intimates the cooling fan which is connected to the NodeMCU and the cooling
fan inaugurates itself to work which reduces the maximum temperature which
will lead to better plant growth. The humidity & moisture sensor is linked with
the DC motor. When, humidity and moisture of the soil declines the humidity&
moisture sensor sends a signal to the spray and the DC motor, which provide
water only when the moisture level is low, this helps in salvage of water. The
data which is collected from the sensors are then sent to the blynk application
which manages, controls and handles the consigned data and displays it in the
form of graph or an indicator which will the help the farmers and notify them.
 Advantages
• Cost effective method
• Optimize water use
• Sustain high-yielding
• High quality crop production
• We can predict soil moisture level and Irrigation system can
be monitored .
• Increased productivity.
• Water conservation.
 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
SOLAR PANEL
(5V)

TEMPERATURE
COOLING
SENSOR
FAN
NODE BASED BLYNK
MCU (ESP8266) SOFTWARE
HUMIDITY &
MOISTURE MOTOR
SENSOR DRIVER
 Module
NodeMCU
• The ESP8266 NodeMCU is one of the major component in the
system, it is powered by the solar panel and it senses the data from
the sensors present and sends it to the output devices
• By using esp8266 which as an chip, wifi board which consume less
power and least complexity in the circuitary
Soil moisture sensor
• The soil moisture sensor consist of two electrodes, it works by
measuring the electric conductivity of the soil I t measures the
moisture level, water content of the soil
Temperature and humidity sensor
• A sensor that will sense the data of humidity and temperature in
the land and Process it and give it to a ESP8266
 Application
• Saving fertilizers and chemical crop protection agents
• Boosting soil fertility due to “smart” correction
• Controlling crop state and preventing its loss when stored
• Increasing machinery efficiency
• Monitoring state and location of farm animals
• Tracking processing line equipment condition
 Future scope
• Right now, as efficient as our proposed model is, it can be enhanced to improve its capabilities and
features greatly. Some of the adjustments or modifications that can be implemented into it can
transform it into automated systems that can be used in various environments and can also be used
on a large scale. Such as, multiple sprinklers can be connected to the device and necessary coding
can be done to use it on a widespread area with multiple crops of the same species. If the proposed
model is required to be used for an area with different crops, the model can be designed and coded
in a way that it has the suitable humidity level and the necessary moisture level for the crop to
grow in. With this in effect, one device can execute different processes based on the crops. If the
model is to be used on a large scale farming area, it can be collaborated with Machine learning to
identify the crops by itself and access the required data from a centralized database with the
addition of any visual recognition sensor powered by python based scripts. The model can be mass
produced and further used in multiple acres of farmlands that belong to the same farmer to deduce
the statistics of every change in humidity and soil moisture levels along with an event log of every
instruction executed by the NodeMCU, along with the usage of Big Data Analytics, the collected
data from hundreds of acres can be all sorted and organized in a simpler and easier representation
to evaluate the specific land and its output based on the comparison between its yield and the
amount of nurturing done by the model with the amount of instructions executed as the variable.
This form of analyzing the growth and yield of farmlands can further be used to grade lands in
terms of efficiency and the lower yielding lands can be dealt with properly or even be put to use for
a different crop altogether based on its conditions. There are multiple evolutions this model could
take based on what it is set to be used for. As time progresses and when automation enhances
farming and agricultural practices worldwide, this system would be a strong base to build up on.
 Conclusion
• It is estimated to decrease greatly in the years to come and hence,
adopting automation and smarter ways to improve the way we
cultivate and grow crops can prevent the country from facing a dark
time of crisis when the manual methods tend to fall short all of a
sudden.
• This proposed model can be used for various purposed combined
with the right components and coded with the required
programming based on anything the farmer requires.