Communicating Verbally

Presented by:

 Areej Khalid
 Rida Fatima
 Laiba Tufail
 Arham Dilshad
 Arslan
Overview
■ Purpose of language
■ Culture and gender effect on language
■ How to make message more clear
■ How to make message more memorable
■ Linguistic sensitivity
Purpose of language
What do you know about language?
 Speech community.

I. Group of people who speak the same

language.
II. Five largest speech communities.
III. Words.
IV. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
PURPOSE OF LANGUAGE

 To designate , label, define, and limit.

specifying the type of something as “punk music”.

 To evaluate.
 to discuss things outside our immediate experience.
 to talk about language.
 how we are communicating.
What is the relation between language and
meaning ?
 The meaning of words is in people, not in the
words themselves.
 Denotation
 Connotation.
1. Denotation
the direct, explicit meaning a speech community formally
gives a word.
2. Connotation
I. The feelings or evaluations we associate with a
word.
II. Depends on its syntactic context .
CULTURE AND GENDER
EFFECT ON LANGUAGE
USE
Culture effects language in different
ways
I. Physical environment
II. Social environment
III. Kinship relations
IV. Media culture
V. Change of vocabulary
VI. Change in pronunciation
VII. Same words having different meanings in different cultures
 Role of Language in Culture

I. Important way to transmit

culture

II. Children learn about their

cultural identity through
language
 Gender Effect on Language Use
 Male and Female use different
words

For example:
 A study by Newman, et al. (2008)
 “Women used more words related to
psychological and social processes. Men
referred more to object properties and
impersonal topics.”
 Style Difference
■ Feminine styles of language
Empathy and support
Personal language
Show politeness
Tentativeness in speaking.
■ Masculine styles of language
Problem solving
Emphasize abstract and general language
Show control in speaking.
USE CLEAR LANGUAGE
 How can we make are message clear ?

■
Strategies for Clarity In Language
1. Specific words.
2. Concrete words.
3. Precise words.
4. Familiar not obscure
5. Appropriately formal
6. Dating Information.
Use of specific words
 Clear up confusion.
 Capture the sense of what we are saying.
Example:

General language: Specific language:

We often take a long walk. We walk two miles ,three or
four times a week.

Difference between two terms?

Use of concrete words
 Concrete words appeals to the five senses.
(Sight, Hearing, Smell, Touch and Taste)
Example:

Abstract word: Concrete word:

The girl contacted the police The girl telephoned the police
station. station .
What are precise words?
 Narrow larger category to a smaller category.
Example:

General language: Precise language:

Gorge is playing with a ball. Gorge is playing with a red ball

Difference between terms?

 Familiar not obscure
 Familiar language is that which the
audience easily recognize and
understand because they use it on a
regular basis.

 Avoid using language which is unclear.

 Appropriately formal

 Formal language : use formal language in situations that

are serious or that involve people we don’t know well.

 Informal language : use informal language in situations

which are more relaxed and involve people we know well.
What is Dating Information?

 To specify time .
 To specify period.

How we date information?

NOTE : we can increase clarity by dating

information
To date an information
1. Consider when information was true
2. Verbally acknowledge the date or period
Example:
Undated: Dated:
Professor gorge died. Professor gorge died last year.

Difference between terms?

Make Your Messages
Memorable
How can we make our messages
memorable?
 Simplicity and Clarity
 Tell a Story
 Make a Connection
 Use of Good Humor
Simplicity and Clarity

 Tell people enough, but not too

much.
 Use short sentences.
 Avoid complex vocabulary.
 Be precise and to the point.
 Tell a Story
 Story builds pictures in mind.
 Attracts the attention of audience.
 Promote a feeling of well-being and
relaxation.
 Encourage use of imagination and
creativity
 Make a Connection
 Connect on an emotional level.
 Focus on the other person with
questions.
 Make Eye Contact with the people.
 Positive Attitude.
 Use of Good Humor
 Use relevant Humor.
 Humor relaxes your audience and puts
them in a receptive mood.
 Humor alerts your audience to
listen. They become more interested.
 It distracts you from negative emotions.
Linguistic sensitivity
What is linguistic sensitivity?

i. Symbol demonstration .
ii. Selection of Language .
How to achieve linguistic sensitivity ?

I. Easy vocabulary .
II. Use of jargons .
III. Use of slangs .
IV. Inclusive language .
V. Non offensive language.
Adapt your vocabulary to the level of
listeners.

I. By Increase of vocabulary .
II. Use of synonyms .
III. Use of word phrases familiar to the audience.
Use of jargons sparingly .
I. What is a jargon ?
Special words or expressions used by
a profession or group that are difficult
for others to understand.
Examples:
 BP - Medical shorthand for blood
pressure.
 K - The elemental symbol for potassium.
Appropriate use of slangs.
Slang is very informal language or specific words used by a
particular group of people.
Examples: Busted and ride.

Where to use the slangs?

I. Share similar experience.

II. Attract the Youth .
Use of inclusive language .

I. Avoid using generic language.

.
II. Use general words like police
officer instead of police man.
Use of non offensive language.

Choose a language that

I. Does not offend the
listeners.
II. Avoid use of curse ,abuse
and sarcastic tone.
Conclusion

I. Use easy vocabulary to avoid audience

inconvenience .
II. Use of clear words.
III. Make your message more memorable .
IV. Keep linguistic sensitivity in mind.
THANK YOU
Any questions ??