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SUBMITTED BY –

ASHISH KUMAR SAHOO-114030


DIVAKAR -114052
 Water Logging:
Water logging is the natural flooding and over-
irrigation that brings water at underground
levels to the surface. As a consequence,
displacement of the air occurs in the soil with
corresponding changes in soil processes and an
accumulation of toxic substances that impede
plant growth
 1) Water logging due to permanent submersion of land.
Such as ponds, rivers, etc.
 2) Water logging from periodical submersion such as
coastal &land inundation by soil water or runoff of
freshwater over lands etc.
 3) Temporary water logging by stagnation of water as a
result of heavy rainfall.
 4)Another cause of water logging is swampy areas in
valleys.
 5) Water logging from artificial irrigation of agricultural
lands in polders areas.
 Inadequate surface Drainage
 Seepage from canal system
 Over irrigation of fields
 Impermeable clay layer below the soil.
 Construction of a water reservoir
 Natural obstruction to the flow of ground
water
 Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.
 Decrease in available capillary water
 Fall in soil temperature
 Defective air circulation
 Rise of salt
 Delay in cultivation operations
 Growth of flora(unwanted plants species)
 Adverse effects on community health
 Less availability of oxygen
 Providing efficient surface Drainage.
 Reducing percolation(the slow passage of a
liquid through a filtering medium) from canals.
 Restriction of unwanted irrigation.
 Adoption of sprinkler method for irrigation
 Removing obstructions in natural drainage.
If the concentration of harmful salts in the root
zone of a plant increases to such on extent that
plant growth is effected, this situation is called
Salinity.
 The factors contributing towards the problem
of salinity are almost same as that of water
logging.

 Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is


also called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3,
Na2 SO4 etc.
 When these soluble alkali salts are excess in
soil these salts get mixed with ground water
and with upward movement of water not
only accumulated in first 3~4ft of soil layer
below ground surface but also form a tin
2”~3” crust on surface.
 Corrosive Action to Plants.

 Formation of Alkali Soil.


 Controlled Irrigation.
 Providing adequate surface drainage.
 Allowing lower intensity of irrigation.
 Reducing surface evaporation.
 Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose.
 https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2905
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterlogging_(agricultur
e)
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/water/waterlogging/
waterlogging-definition-causes-effects-with-statistics

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