UCE 806 Design of Hydraulic Structure

Course Objective: The objective of this subject is to focus on

1) Estimation of crop water requirement,
2) Designing of various hydraulic structures like canal,
weir/barrage, canal fall, canal head regulator, canal outlet and
cross drainage works.

Dr. Bhabani Shankar Das

 TOPICS
Crop Water Requirement: Soil-moisture-irrigation relationship, depth and
frequency of irrigation, irrigation efficiencies, consumptive use and its
determination, duty and delta relationship
Canal Irrigation: canal distribution system, design of stable channels by Lacey’s
and Kennedy’s theory, design of lined channels
Design of Impervious floor: Creep theories, Khosla seepage theory, hydraulic
jump
Diversion Headworks: component, design of a weir or barrage and canal head
regulator, river protection measures
Canal Regulation Works: Canal falls, design of a vertical drop fall and a glacis
fall, roughening measures for energy dissipation, cross regulators and
distributary’s head regulators, canal escape.
Cross Drainage Works: Need, types, selection of suitable CD work, design of CD
works
Outlets: types, design principle of open flume outlet and A. P. M. outlet
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO):
Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:
1. Work out water requirement of crops.
2. Design lined and unlined channels for distribution water
3. Learn the function, components and design of headworks
4. Learn the function, components and design of canal regulation works and
related hydraulic structures.
5. Learn different types of cross drainage works and their design aspects

Text Book:
1. S.K. Garg, Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi(2014)
2. P.N.Modi, Irrigation Water Resources and Water Power Engineering,
Standard Book House, New Delhi(2014)
SO FAR

Crop Water Requirement: Soil-moisture-

irrigation relationship, depth and frequency of
irrigation, irrigation efficiencies, consumptive
use and its determination, duty and delta
relationship
Canal Irrigation: canal distribution system,
design of stable channels by Lacey’s and
Kennedy’s theory, design of lined channels
CANAL

A canal is defined as an artificial

channel constructed on the ground
to carry water from a river or
another canal or a reservoir to the
fields.
WATERSHED CANAL OR RIDGE CANAL (CONTD.)

The dividing ridge line between the catchment areas of

two streams (drains) is called the watershed or ridge
canal.

Thus between two major streams, there is the main

watershed (ridge line), which divides the drainage area of
the two streams.
WATERSHED CANAL OR RIDGE CANAL (CONTD.)

The canal which is aligned along any natural

watershed (ridge line) is called a watershed canal,
or a ridge canal. Aligning a canal (main canal or
branch canal or distributary) on the ridge ensures
gravity irrigation on both sides of the canal.
Since the drainage flows away from the ridge,
no drainage can cross a canal aligned on the
ridge. Thus, a canal aligned on the watershed saves
the cost of construction of cross-drainage works.
WATERSHED CANAL OR RIDGE CANAL (CONTD.)
CONTOUR CANAL
Watershed canal along the ridge line are not found
economical in hill areas. In hills, the river flows in the valley
well below the watershed.
In fact, the ridge line (watershed) may be hundred of
meters above the river. It therefore becomes virtually
impossible to take the canal on top of such a higher ridge
line. In such conditions, contour canals are usually
constructed.
A contour canal irrigates only on one side because the
area on the other side is higher.
CONTOUR CANAL
SIDE SLOPE CANAL

A side slope canal is that which is aligned at

right angles to the contours; i.e. along the side
slopes.
Since such a canal runs parallel to the natural
drainage flow, it usually does not intercept
drainage channels, thus avoiding the construction
of cross-drainage structures.
It is a canal which is aligned roughly at right
angle to contours of the country but not on
watershed or valley.
SIDE SLOPE CANAL
MAIN CANAL

Main Canal takes off directly from the

upstream side of weir head works or dam.

Usually no direct cultivation is proposed.

BRANCH CANAL

All offtakes from main canal with head

discharge of 30 cumecs and above are termed as
branch canals.

Acts as feeder channel for major distributaries

MAJOR DISTRIBUTARY
All offtakes from main canal or branch canal
with head discharge from 2.5 to 30 cumecs are
termed as major distributaries.
MINOR DISTRIBUTARY
All offtakes taking off from a major
distributary carrying discharge less than 2.5
cumec are termed as minor distributaries.
WATERCOURSE
Small channels which carry water from the
outlets of a major or minor distributary or a
branch canal to the fields to be irrigated.