TOOL GEOMETRY IN

SINGLE POINT
CUTTING TOOL

By: Lakshay Saini

(ME- 5th Sem)
MEANING OF CUTTING TOOL:

 Any tool that is used to remove metal from the

work piece by means of shear deformation.

 It also refers as a tool bit.

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF CUTTING
TOOL

 The cutting tool must be made of a material

harder than the work material to be cut.

 the tool must be able to withstand the heat

generated during machining process.

 The tool must have a specific geometry (known

as tool geometry) for effective cutting and smooth
surface finish.
THERE ARE TWO SURFACES ADJACENT
TO THE CUTTING EDGE OF THE TOOL:

 Rake surface:

1.Rake surface directs the flow of newly formed chip.

2.It is oriented at a certain angle is called the rake angle.

3. The rake angle can be positive or negative.

 Flank Surface:

1.The flank surface of the tool provides a clearance between the

tool and the newly formed work surface.

2.Protecting the surface from abrasion which would degrade the

finish.

3.This angle between work surface and the flank surface is called
the relief or clearance angle.
CUTTING TOOL ANGLES:

 These surfaces and the edges are inclined with

respect to some reference plan or line.
 The inclinations are called tool angles.
Rake Angle (α):
(a) Black rake angle.
(b) Side rake angle.

Clearance or Relief Angle

(γ):
(a) End clearance relief
angle.
(b) Side clearance relief
angle.

Cutting Edge Angle:

(a) End cutting edge angle.
(b) Side cutting edge angle.

(i) Back Rake Angle:

(ii) Side Rake Angle:

(iii) End Clearance (Relief)

Angle:

(iv) Side Clearance (Relief)

Angle:

(v) End Cutting Edge Angle:

(vii) Nose Radius:

(vi) Side Cutting Edge Angle:

 Functions of Back Rake Angle:
 It helps to control the chip flow in a convenient
direction.

 It reduces the cutting force required to shear the

metal and reduces power requirements.

 Increase tool life.

 It also helps counteract the pressure against the

cutting tool from the work by pulling the tool into the
work.

 It improves the surface finish.

SIGNIFICANCE OF RAKE ANGLE:

 1. The rake angles may be positive, zero or

negative.

 2. An increased rake angle will reduce the

strength of the cutting edge.

 3. Rake angle affects the values of cutting angle

and the shear angle.

 4. Larger the rake angle, smaller the cutting

angle (and larger the shear angle).
TOOL SIGNATURE:
 Nomenclature of the tool which provides information
regarding various tool angles and nose radius.

For example:
:If the tool signature is “12, 15, 7, 6, 10, 15, 0.8” Means,

 Back rake angle (degree): 12

 Side rake angle: 15
 End relief angle: 07
 Side relief angle: 06
 End cutting edge angle: 10
 Side cutting edge angle: 15
 Nose radius (mm): 0.8
THANK YOU