Professional Documents
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BROADCAST ENGINEERING
& ACOUSTICS
WHERE:
P0 = STEADY PRESSURE OF THE GAS IN N/m2
ρ0 = STEADY DENSITY OF THE GAS IN kg/m3
γ = specific heat / volume
SOUND WAVES: VELOCITY OF
PROPAGATION
•
Loudness
- how loud or soft a sound
Phon = 40 + 10log2Sone
ATTRIBUTES OF SOUND
Timbre
- quality of a sound
- can be considered the texture
or color of a sound
Duration
- the time interval between its
beginning and end points
LOUDNESS OF SOUND IN DECIBELS
Sound Loudness (dB) Hearing
Damage
Average Home 40-50
COMPUTE FOR:
a. TOTAL LOUDNESS
b. TOTAL LOUDNESS LEVEL
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
WHERE:
fF = fundamental frequency
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
WHERE:
fF = fundamental frequency
n = number of overtone
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
WHERE: WHERE:
fF = fundamental frequency fF = fundamental frequency
n = number of octave n = number of decade
EXAMPLE
•A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT HAS A
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF 261.6HZ.
CALCULATE THE 3RD HARMONICS, 3RD
OVERTONES, 3RD OCTAVES, AND 3RD
DECADES OF THIS FUNDAMENTAL
FREQUENCY.
DOPPLER EFFECT
•
DOPPLER EFFECT
•
EXAMPLE
• ON A STANDARD DAY, THE SPEED OF
SOUND IS 345M/S. A WHISTLE
WHOSE FREQUENCY IS 1000HZ IS
MOVING TOWARDS AN OBSERVER AT
A SPEED OF 52.0M/S. WHAT IS THE
FREQUENCY OF THE SOUND HEARD
BY THE OBSERVER?
EXAMPLE
• A TRAIN MOVING AT A SPEED OF 50M/S
SOUNDS ITS WHISTLE, WHICH HAS A
FREQUENCY OF 620HZ. THE SPEED OF
SOUND ON THIS PARTICULAR DAY IS 335M/S.
DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY HEARD BY THE
STATIONARY OBSERVER
A.) AS THE TRAIN APPROACHES AND
B.) AS THE TRAIN MOVES AWAY.
SOUND FIELDS
Sound Field
- a technical name given to the dispersion
of sound energy within given boundaries
SOUND PRESSURE
Sound Pressure Level
For different sound pressure units:
EXAMPLE
Calculate the effective SPL for a telephone
ring, an operating vacuum cleaner, and an
air conditioner with an individual SPL of 82
dB, 76 dB, and 80 dB respectively relative
to 20uPa.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
A small source of sound radiates energy
uniformly at a rate of 4W. Calculate the
intensity and the intensity level at a point 25
cm from the source if there is no
absorption.
EXAMPLE
A car horn outdoors a sound intensity
level of 90 dB at 10 m away. At this
distance, what is the sound power in
watt?
EXAMPLE
The sound power level of a certain jet
plane flying at a height of 1 km is 160
dB. Find the sound pressure level on
the ground directly below the flight path
assuming that the aircraft radiates
sound equally in all directions. Assume
the density of air is 1.29 kg/m , speed
3