Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Osei Adjei
Overview
• What is Artificial Intelligence?
• AI applications
• Agriculture
• Other significant applications.
• AI paradigms
• Previous applications.
• Current Research and applications
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Courtesy: http://interests.caes.uga.edu/
Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy Logic is a multi-valued logic that allows
intermediate values to be defined between
Aristotelian logic evaluations, where only
true/false, yes/no or 1/0 is used.
• Notions such as hot or very comfortable can be
formulated mathematically and processed by
computers.
• It provides a simple way to arrive at a definite
conclusion based upon vague, ambiguous,
imprecise, noisy, or missing input information.
Fuzzy Logic (cont.)
• Fuzzy Logic has been used in control
applications more often because the
controllers are easy to design, often
requiring few hours to develop a very
sophisticated system.
• Although the Fuzzy Logic designs are
simple their performances are usually
higher than those using traditional
methods.
Genetic Algorithms
• Genetic Algorithms are a means by which
machines can emulate the mechanisms of
natural selection.
• This involves searching high-dimensional
spaces for superior or optimal solutions.
• The algorithms are simple, robust, and general.
• GAs assume no knowledge of the search space
and can be computationally intensive.
• GAs are inherently parallel in nature and so their
execution rate increases with the number of
processors.
Expert Systems
• Expert systems represent knowledge in the form
of if-then-else rules.
• Initial stage of building an expert system is to
acquire the rules.
• This is also known as the knowledge acquisition
stage.
• Knowledge acquisition requires the interaction
between two specialists: A knowledge engineer
and a domain expert.
• The outcome of such a meeting is that a
preliminary rule base is produced.
Evaluating rules in Expert
Systems
• The rules are evaluated on trial data with errors
noted.
• Following this, subsequent meetings are held
between the two specialists to resolve all the
erroneous issues.
• The main problem associated with the
construction of an expert system is that
sometimes the domain expert may not be fully
cooperative or he/she might find it difficult to
create rules that he/she uses in his work.
• Hence, the system may not be fully realized.
Swarm Intelligence
• Swarm intelligence refers to the property of a
system in which the collective behaviours of
(unsophisticated) agents interacting locally with
their environment cause coherent functional
global patterns to emerge.
• It provides the basis which makes it possible to
explore a collective (or distributed) problem
solving without centralized control or the
provision of a global model.
• Examples of such a system are ants and bees
colonies
Applications of AI
• Security applications:
– Fingerprint applications
– Facial identification.
• Inspection of manufactured parts.
• Bin picking.
• Visual Inspection of objects (e.g. fruits).
• Medical Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
• Transportation.
• Medical Applications:
– Diagnosis
– NMR/X-Ray Slides Diagnosis
– Determination of mineral resources.
Current Research and
Applications
• A Data-driven Adaptive Tutoring System
for teaching Modern Standard Arabic
language
• Intelligent Multimedia Medical Assessment
Based on Hidden Markov Model.
• Detection of Drowsy Behaviour in
restrictive environment.
• Trust: Intelligent Agents for policing the
Internet.
Conclusions
• Applications range from all areas of both the industrial
and commercial infrastructure of countries.
• It has been applied in agriculture, health, medicine and
as a teaching tool in the form of intelligent tutoring
system.
• AI is not just a scientist tool but a very significant tool
that will help Africa and the rest of the developing world
to solve a vast number of their problems.
• Africa must be more involved in AI technology because it
has been successful in the developed countries.
• It is now a matured technology that can be applied
anywhere with confidence.
Acknowledgement