Energy is the power we use for

transportation, for heat and light in

our homes and for the manufacture
of all kinds of products. There are
two sources of energy: renewable
and nonrenewable energy.
 Coal is a combustible
black or brownish-black
sedimentary rock with a high
amount of carbon and
hydrocarbons.

Coal contains the

energy stored by plants that
lived hundreds of millions of
years ago in swampy forests.
 Natural gas is a fossil
energy source that formed
deep beneath the earth's
surface.
Natural gas contains
many different compounds.
 In some places, natural gas moved into large
cracks and spaces between layers of overlying rock. The
natural gas found in these types of formations is
sometimes called conventional natural gas.
In other places, natural gas occurs in the tiny pores
(spaces) within some formations of shale, sandstone, and
other types of sedimentary rock. This natural gas is
referred to as shale gas or tight gas, and it is sometimes
called unconventional natural gas.
Natural gas also occurs with deposits of crude oil,
and this natural gas is called associated natural gas.
Natural gas deposits are found on land and some are
offshore and deep under the ocean floor. A type of
natural gas found in coal deposits is called coalbed
methane.
 Petroleum is a
toxic, flammable
liquid occurring in
geologic formations
beneath the earth's
surface (also known
as crude oil)
 Renewable energy is derived from natural
processes that are replenished constantly such as
solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass,
geothermal resources, and biofuels and
hydrogen.
 Harnessing energy
from the sun epitomizes the
idea of a renewable
energy source. We can use
solar energy to heat water
or homes and it can be
converted into electricity.
Currently, converting
solar energy to electricity
either occurs with the use of
photovoltaic cells or solar
power plants.
Advantages
• It is a perennial, natural source and free
• It is available in plenty
• It is non-polluting
• It does not emit any green house gases.
• It doesn’t result in the destruction of forests
and eco-systems that occurs with most
fossil fuel operations
Disadvantages
• Dependent on change in seasons / weather –
hence they may not be used always
• Requires high initial investments for productive
use
• Solar systems doesn’t work at night directly but
the battery bank, which stores energy during
day-time can be used during night.
• Solar electricity storage technology has not
reached its potential yet.
• Solar panels are bulky. This is particularly true
of the higher-efficiency, traditional silicon
crystalline wafer solar modules.
 We can put
wind to work by
utilizing it to power
turbines that generate
electricity. The blades
of the turbines turn a
shaft which then
powers a series of
gears that feed into a
generator and produce
electricity.
• Advantages
• It is environment friendly
• Its freely and abundantly available

• Disadvantages
• High investment requirement
• Wind speed is not uniform all the time
which affects power generated
 Geothermal
energy comes from
the Earth's crust.
Engineers extract
steam or very hot
water from the
Earth's crust and use
the steam to
generate electricity.
ADVANTAGES
Geothermal Energy Sourcing Is Good for the Environment
Geothermal Is a Reliable Source of Renewable Energy
High Efficiency of Geothermal Systems
Little to No Geothermal System Maintenance

DISADVANTAGES
Environmental Concerns about Greenhouse Emissions
Possibility of Depletion of Geothermal Sources
High Investment Costs for Geothermal System
Land Requirements for Geothermal System to Be Installed
 Water is stored in a reservoir,
generating a lot of potential energy. Then it
is forced through a dam, turning a turbine,
which then turns a generator to produce
electricity. Used water is then returned to
the river.
Advantages
• Hydropower is a fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source.
• Hydropower doesn't pollute the air like power plants that bu
rn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.
• Hydropower is a domestic source of energy, produced in the
United States.
• Hydropower relies on the water cycle,
which is driven by the sun, thus it's a renewable power source.
• Hydropower is generally available
as needed; engineers can control the flow of water through t
he turbines to produce electricity on demand.
• Can be developed only where the large
quantity of water is available
• Cannot be used where there is lack of water
supply
• Dams may fail which may cause flooding
• The capital cost of the generator is high
• Fish population can be impacted if fish
population live in the dam