Building an LBM Model

The following is a mixture of MATLAB

and C. Care must be taken, because
array indexing begins at 1 in MATLAB
and at 0 in C.
 Define velocity vectors
D2Q9
%define es
6 2 5
ex(0)= 0; ey(0)= 0
ex(1)= 1; ey(1)= 0 e6
e2
e5
ex(2)= 0; ey(2)= 1
ex(3)=-1; ey(3)= 0
ex(4)= 0; ey(4)=-1 3 0 1
ex(5)= 1; ey(5)= 1 e3 e1
ex(6)=-1; ey(6)= 1
ex(7)=-1; ey(7)=-1 e4
ex(8)= 1; ey(8)=-1 e7 e8

7 4 8

• In MATLAB, can write ex(0+1)=0, ex(1+1)=1, etc.

 Problem definition
LY=10
LX=20 LY
tau = 1
g=0.00001

%set solid nodes LX

is_solid_node=zeros(LY,LX)
for i=1:LX
is_solid_node(1,i)=1
is_solid_node(LY,i)=1
end

% if ~is_interior_solid_node(j,i)
Initialize density and fs (assuming
zero velocity)
%define initial density and fs
rho=ones(LY,LX);

f(:,:,1) = (4./9. ).*rho;

f(:,:,2) = (1./9. ).*rho;
f(:,:,3) = (1./9. ).*rho;
f(:,:,4) = (1./9. ).*rho;
f(:,:,5) = (1./9. ).*rho;
f(:,:,6) = (1./36.).*rho;
f(:,:,7) = (1./36.).*rho;
f(:,:,8) = (1./36.).*rho;
f(:,:,9) = (1./36.).*rho;

eq 
f a x   wa  ( x ) 1  3 2 
e a  u 9 e a  u 2

3 u 2

4 2 
 c 2 c 2c 
// Computing macroscopic density, rho, and velocity, u=(ux,uy).
for( j=0; j<LY; j++)
{
for( i=0; i<LX; i++)
{
u_x[j][i] = 0.0;
u_y[j][i] = 0.0;

  f
rho[j][i] = 0.0;
if( !is_solid_node[j][i])
{ a
for( a=0; a<9; a++) a
{
rho[j][i] += f[j][i][a];

fe
u_x[j][i] += ex[a]*f[j][i][a];
u_y[j][i] += ey[a]*f[j][i][a];
} a a
u_x[j][i] /= rho[j][i]; u a

}
u_y[j][i] /= rho[j][i];

}
}
 Periodic Boundaries
• On boundary,
‘neighboring’ point is
on opposite boundary

ip = ( i<LX-1)?( i+1):( 0 );
in = ( i>0 )?( i-1):( LX-1);
jp = ( j<LY-1)?( j+1):( 0 );
jn = ( j>0 )?( j-1):( LY-1);
where
LHS = (COND)?(TRUE_RHS):(FALSE_RHS);
means
if( COND) { LHS=TRUE_RHS;} else{ LHS=FALSE_RHS;}
// Compute the equilibrium distribution function, feq.
f1=3.;
f2=9./2.;
 ea  u 9 e a  u  3 u 2 
2
f3=3./2.;
for( j=0; j<LY; j++) f 
a
eq
x  w a  ( x ) 1  3 2
 4
 
{  c 2 c 2 c2 
for( i=0; i<LX; i++)
{
if( !is_solid_node[j][i])
{
rt0 = (4./9. )*rhoij;
rt1 = (1./9. )*rhoij;
rt2 = (1./36.)*rhoij;
ueqxij = uxij; //Can add forcing here; see MATLAB code
ueqyij = uyij;
uxsq = ueqxij * ueqxij;
uysq = ueqyij * ueqyij;
uxuy5 = ueqxij + ueqyij;
uxuy6 = -ueqxij + ueqyij;
uxuy7 = -ueqxij + -ueqyij;
uxuy8 = ueqxij + -ueqyij;
usq = uxsq + uysq;
 feqij[0] = rt0*( 1. - f3*usq);
feqij[1] = rt1*( 1. + f1*ueqxij + f2*uxsq - f3*usq);
feqij[2] = rt1*( 1. + f1*ueqyij + f2*uysq - f3*usq);
feqij[3] = rt1*( 1. - f1*ueqxij + f2*uxsq - f3*usq);
feqij[4] = rt1*( 1. - f1*ueqyij + f2*uysq - f3*usq);
feqij[5] = rt2*( 1. + f1*uxuy5 + f2*uxuy5*uxuy5 - f3*usq);
feqij[6] = rt2*( 1. + f1*uxuy6 + f2*uxuy6*uxuy6 - f3*usq);
feqij[7] = rt2*( 1. + f1*uxuy7 + f2*uxuy7*uxuy7 - f3*usq);
feqij[8] = rt2*( 1. + f1*uxuy8 + f2*uxuy8*uxuy8 - f3*usq);
}
}
}

 e
f a x   wa  (x) 1  3 2 
eq  u 9 e  u 2


3 u 2

2 
a a
4
 c 2 c 2 c 
 Collide
// Collision step.
for( j=0; j<LY; j++)
for( i=0; i<LX; i++)
if( !is_solid_node[j][i])
for( a=0; a<9; a++)
{
fij[a] = fij[a] + ( fij[a] - feqij[a])/tau;
}

f a x, t  t   f a x, t  

t f a x, t   f a
eq
x, t 

 Bounceback Boundaries
• Bounceback boundaries are particularly simple
• Played a major role in making LBM popular
among modelers interested in simulating fluids
in domains characterized by complex
geometries such as those found in porous media
• Their beauty is that one simply needs to
designate a particular node as a solid obstacle
and no special programming treatment is
required
Two type of solids:
Bounceback
Boundaries
 Collision (solid nodes):
Bounceback

// Standard bounceback.
temp = fij[1]; fij[1] = fij[3]; fij[3] = temp;
temp = fij[2]; fij[2] = fij[4]; fij[4] = temp;
temp = fij[5]; fij[5] = fij[7]; fij[7] = temp;
temp = fij[6]; fij[6] = fij[8]; fij[8] = temp;
// Streaming step.
for( j=0; j<LY; j++)
{
jn = (j>0 )?(j-1):(LY-1)
jp = (j<LY-1)?(j+1):(0 )

for( i=0; i<LX; i++) f x  e a t , t  t   f a x, t  t 

a
{
if( !is_interior_solid_node[j][i])
{
in = (i>0 )?(i-1):(LX-1)
ip = (i<LX-1)?(i+1):(0 )
ftemp[j ][i ][0] = f[j][i][0];
ftemp[j ][ip][1] = f[j][i][1];
ftemp[jp][i ][2] = f[j][i][2];
ftemp[j ][in][3] = f[j][i][3];
ftemp[jn][i ][4] = f[j][i][4];
ftemp[jp][ip][5] = f[j][i][5];
ftemp[jp][in][6] = f[j][i][6];
ftemp[jn][in][7] = f[j][i][7];
ftemp[jn][ip][8] = f[j][i][8];
}
}
}
 Incorporating Forcing (gravity)
• Gravitational acceleration is incorporated
in a velocity term
du
F  ma  m
dt

F
ueqxij = u_x(j,i)+tau*g; %add forcing
u 

F
ueq  u  u  u 
