1

Mass Tissue Detection in Lung Using X-ray

Images

Thesis Supervisor:
Dr. Saifuddin Md. Tareeq

Students:
1. H.M Jameul Haque Sarker; Roll:30
2.Md. Imran Arafat; Roll:32
2 Background

 Lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer in the world, for both
men and women.
 Every year about 1.6 million death causes by lung cancer through
worldwide .
 Cancer arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumor
cells in a multistage process.
 A tumor is an abnormal growth of cells that serves no purpose.
3 Why lung?

.
4 Background

 Non-Small Cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are

the most common types of lung cancers.
 About 85% to 90% lung cancers are
of this type.
 NSCLC stages described by 1 through 4.
5 Background

 Stage 0: The cancer is in place and has not grown into nearby
tissues and spread outside the lung.
 Stage 1: Stage 1 lung cancer is small tumor that has not spread to
any lymph node. Surgeon can completely remove it.
6 Background

 Stage 2: The tumor has spread to the nearby or lymph node.

Stage 2 tumors can be removed with surgery.
 Stage 3: Stage 3 cancer is difficult for surgeon to completely
remove because cancer removal must be performed bit by bit
process.
 Stage 4: In stage 4 lung cancer spread to the distant parts of the
body through blood stream.
7 How effective the early detection is?
8 Motivation

 Early detection of this tumor is the most promising way to improve

the patient’s chance for survival from lung cancer.
 A mass tissue or nodule in lung can be a tumor, cancer tissue and
infection.
 To detect a chest mass tissue, a region of interest needs to be
identified.
9 How effective the early detection is?
10 Motivation

 Medical imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have been developed and
almost all parts of a living body can be investigated.
 But this kind of methods are very complex, time consuming and cost
inefficient.
 On the other hand X-ray imaging method are simple, time saving
and cost efficient and used to find out abnormalities in heart, rib,
especially lung.
11 Objective

 The goal of this research is to detect abnormal mass tissue in the

lung by processing digital x-ray images.
 In a black and white x-ray image, a mass tissue looks like a gray
shadow and sometime becomes very hard to detect.
 We want to build a computer-aided diagnosis schema (CAD) to
overcome human errors and help diagnose diseases more
effectively.
12 Methods

Data collection:
 Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) database.
 National Institutes of Health (NIH).
13 Major steps
14 Data Preprocessing

Image resize : Resize the image in fixed size.

Decrease the complexity of the algorithm.
 Contrast stretching : Convert the low quality image to
high quality image.
15 Binary Imaging

Binary imaging: Convert original image to binary image.

Original image Binary image.

16 Closing

A morphological dilation operation followed by an erosion operation.

Closing eliminates white shadow or noise.
F.s = ( f s ) s; is used for closing
17 ROI Extraction

 ROI Extraction: Partitioning the lung image from other portion of

X-ray image is called region of interest extraction.
 Use some steps:
o Spinal cord detection using histogram.
18 ROI Extraction

o Convert contour images by morphological operation

o Extract ROI by using hit-miss method
19 Mass Tissue Detection

Extract mass tissue region:

o Mass tissue extraction uses different algorithm
to extract tumor region. We use DCT (Discrete
Cosine Transformation).
o Firstly, we extract some circular area by 128x128
size based on training knowledge about shape of
mass tissue
20 Mass Tissue Detection

o Secondly, these areas are divided into multiple musk with size
(8x8,16x16, 32x32, 64x64 etc.)
o Thirdly, send these musk to DCT analyzer and formed DCT image.
DCT uses the equation:
21 Mass Tissue Detection

o Fourthly, scan the DCT image by zigzag fashion.

o Fifthly, extract the tumor or mass tissue by calculating Euclidean

distance from top of DCT pixels
22 Result and Discussion

 Full implementation of the algorithm is not completed at present.

But we hope at least 60-70 % accuracy will be achieved in this
method.
 Reducing false positive rate is the main challenge.
23 Remaining work

 ROI Extraction is not completed yet.

 Detection of mass tissue using DCT.
 Training with dataset.
24 References

1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6850788
2. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7878200
3. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8280854
4. Otsu, Nobuyuki. "A threshold selection method from gray-level
histograms."Automatica 11.285-296(1975):23-27.
5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252049911_Research_on_DCT-
based_image_compression_quality
25
Thank You!