A pipeline carries oil

(S = 0.86) at 2 m/s through a

A pipeline carries oil (S = 0.86) at 2 m/s
20-cm-ID
through pipe.
a 20-cm-ID pipe. At another
At another section the
section
diameter thethediameter
is 8 cm. Find velocity at this is 8 cm.
section.
Answer: 12.50 m/s
Find the velocity at this
section.
 Worker in a children’s
playground is cleaning a slide with a
hose. She observes that a horizontal
stream directed into the low end
climbs to a point 3.66 m above the
nozzle. What is the velocity of the
stream?
 A 150-mm-diameter jet of
water is discharging from a
nozzle into the air at a velocity of
36.0 m/s. Find the power in the
jet (in HP) with respect to a
datum at the jet.
 The density of oil at
20°C is 850 kg/m3.
A.) Find its relative density
B.) Find its kinematic
viscosity if the dynamic viscosity
is 5 x 10-3 kg/m-s.
 A 375 mm high open cylinder,
150 mm in diameter, is filled
with water and rotated about its vertical
axis at an angular speed of 33.5 rad/s.
Determine the following:
A.) The depth of water in the
cylinder when it it brought to rest.
B.) The volume of water in liters
that remains in the cylinder if the speed
is doubled.
 A block of concrete
weighs 100 lbf in air and
“weighs’’ only 60 lbf when
immersed in fresh water (62.4
lbf/ft3). What is the average
specific weight of the block?
 A rectangular channel 5 m
wide laid to a mild bed slope
conveys a discharge of 8 m3/s at
a uniform flow depth of 1.25 m.
Determine the critical depth.
 A crude oil of density 925 kg/m3
and absolute viscosity 0.065 Ns/m2 at
20°C is pumped through a horizontal
pipeline 100 mm in diameter; at a rate of
10 L/s. Determine the following:
A.) The head loss in each kilometer.
B.) The shear stress at the pipe wall.
C.) The power supplied by the pumps
per kilometer length.
 Water issuing vertically
from a nozzle having a
diameter of 25 mm, flows out
under a head of 30 m. If
C=Cv=0.98, determine at what
constant height of water
support a load of 200 N
vertically from the nozzle tip?
 A tank containing water to a
depth of 2.5 m is accelerated upward
at 3.6 m/s2. Calculate the pressure on
the bottom of the tank.
 A 40-mm-diameter jet has
a velocity of 25 m/s. If this jet
were to strike a large flat
plate normally, what would be
the resultant force on the
plate?
 Oil (S=0.85 and μ=0.24 N-s/m2)
in a 100-mm-diameter pipe flows
with a velocity of 3.5 m/s. What is
the Reynolds number?
 A finished-concrete 2.4 m-
wide rectangular channel has a
bed slope of 0.5° and a water
depth of 1.2 m. Determine the
uniform flow rate in m3/s.
 A 150-m-long ship is to
operate at a speed of 35 kph. If a
model of this 3 m long, what
should its speed (in kph) to give
the same Froude number?
 A 600 mm Ø steel pipe, 10 mm thick
carries water under a head of 325 m.
A.) Determine the actual stress in KN per
meter length of pipe.
B.) If the head is increased to 500 meters,
determine the actual stress in KN per meter
length of pipe.
C.) If the head is increased to 500 meters,
what is the wall thickness requires assuming an
allowable tensile stress of 113 MPa and
efficiency of the connection is 80%.
 A jet having a diameter of
50 mm and a velocity of 12 m/s is
deflected through an angle of
180° by a fixed curved vane.
Neglecting friction, determine the
force exerted by the jet on the
vane.
 Determine the flow
through a 1.2-m-diameter
concrete culvert which is laid on a
slope of 0.009. Use n=0.013.
 A trapezoidal channel has a
bottom width of 6 m and side
slopes of 2:1. If the depth of flow is 1.2
m and the flow is 20.40 m3/s.
A.) Determine the specific energy.
B.) Determine the slope of the channel
if n= 0.014.
C.) Compute the average shear stress.
 A water district which serves a suburban
community needs a new water transmission main
which will supply the area from an existing reservoir. The
line will be 5.3 miles long. The reservoir elevation is +280
feet, and the town elevation at point of discharge is +100
ft. No pumping will be provided, and the water will be
delivered to a non-pressurized storage tank in town. The
proposal is to build a single line of new smooth clean
cast iron pipe. Darcy “f” is assumed to be 0.021. The
present demand is 1 MGD.
A.) Determine the minimum diameter of pipe that
could be used.
B.) Determine the value of Manning’s “n” which
would apply to this particular installation.
 A tube 15 m long is to
connect two large tanks whose
difference in water level is 2 m.
The tube is to carry 5 L/s of flow.
What minimum size of tube is
necessary to assure laminar flow
condition?
 A 250-mm-diameter pipe
(f=0.15), 150 m long, is
connected in series with another
200-mm-diameter pipe (f=0.02),
200 m long. Determine the
diameter of an equivalent single
pipe of length 350 m and f =0.025
that could replace the two pipes.
A liquid having a sp.gr. of 0.788
flows at 3.2 m/s through a 100-
mm-diameter pipeline (f=0.0158).
A.) Determine the head loss
per kilometer of pipe.
B.) The wall shear stress
 Oil (S=0.90) and dynamic
viscosity μ=0.04 Pa-s flows at the rate
of 60 lps through 50 m of 120-mm-
diameter pipe. If the head lost is 6 m,
determine the following:
A.) The mean velocity
B.) The friction factor
C.) The centerline the velocity
 Determine:
A.) The shear stress at the walls of a
300-mm-diameter pipe when water
flowing causes a head lost of 5 m in a
90 m pipe length.
B.) The shear velocity.
C.) The shear stress at 50 mm from
the centerline of the pipe.
 A rectangular suppressed weir of
length 1 m is constructed or cut at the
top of a tall rectangular tank having section 20 m
by 20 m. If the initial head over the weir is 1 m,
compute the time required to discharge 72 cu-m
of water. Use Francis formula.
 A rectangular, sharp-
crested weir 15 m long with end
contractions suppressed is 1.5 m
high. Determine the discharge
when head is 300 mm.
 Carbon tetrachloride
having a specific gravity of 1.6 is
flowing through a pipe. The
differential gage attached to the
Pitot-static tube shows a 80-mm
deflection of mercury. Assuming
Ct=1.00, find the velocity of flow.
 A tank circular in cross-
section is 10- m high. It takes
10 minutes to empty it through a
hole at the bottom when the tank
is full of water at the start. How
long will it take to drop the upper 6
m of water.
 A 75-mm diameter orifice
discharges 23.41 lps of liquid
under a head of 2.85 m. The
diameter of the jet at the vena
contracta is found by callipering to
be 66.25 mm. Calculate the three
orifice coefficients.
 An open tank 1.82 m
square weighs 3, 425 N and
contains 0.91 m of water. It is
acted by an unbalanced force of
10, 400 N parallel to a pair of
sides. What is the force acting in
the side with smallest depth?
 A block of wood 0.60 m x 0.60 m x h
in dimension was thrown into
water and floats with 0.245 m projecting
above the water surface. The same block
was thrown into a container of a liquid
having a specific gravity of 0.90 and floats
with 0.161 m projecting above the surface.
Determine the following:
A.) The value of h
B.) The specific gravity of the block
C.) The weight of the block
 A barge is 10 m wide by 30 m
long when loaded, the barge displaces 5
MN and its center of gravity is 0.5 m
above the water line.
A.) Find the value of MBo
B.) Determine the metacentric height
above the center line of gravity for a roll
angle of 10°
C.) Compute the righting moment.
 A discharge of 600 lps flows
through a pipe having a diameter of 400
mm, length of 40 m long, compute the
head loss of the pipeline using:
A.) Manning’s Equation with n =0.013
B.) Darcy Weishback formula with f= 0.012
C.) Hazen Williams Formula with C= 100
 A valve suddenly closed in a 200
mmØ pipe. The increase in pressure is 700 KPa.
Assuming that the pipe is rigid and the bulk
modulus of water is 2.07 x 109 N/m2
A.) Compute the celerity of the pressure wave.
B.) Compute the velocity of flow.
C.) If the length of the pipe is 650 m long,
compute the water hammer pressure at the valve
if it is closed in 3 sec.
 A channel carries a head of water
equal to 1.60 m. Compute the discharge of
a certain channel if:
A.) A 90° triangular weir is used.
B.) A Cipolletti weir 4.5 m long.
C.) A rectangular suppressed weir is 6 m
long.
 During a storm, gage station A
was in operative but the surrounding
station, B, C and D recorded rainfall of
130 mm, 112.5 mm and 152.5 mm,
respectively. The average annual
precipitation for stations A, B, C and D are
1200 mm, 1325 mm, 1475 mm and 1675
mm respectively. Estimate the storm
precipitation for station A.
Answer:

106.172 mm
 The average annual
precipitation for four sub-basins
constituting a large river basin is
73, 85, 112, 101 cm. The areas are
930, 710, 1090, 1680 Km2,
respectively.
What is the average annual
precipitation for the basin as a
whole?
 A drainage line 1.4 km long is
designed based on a storm on a 6 ha
property which produced 40 mm per hour
assuming a velocity flow of 0.8 m/s. With
a runoff coefficient of C = 0.5, what is the
peak discharge can be expected from the
area.
 Four million liters of
water per day passes through a
sedimentation basin which is 6
m wide, 15 m long and 3 m
deep. What is the retention time
for the basin?
 For a given soil sample it has a sp.gr.
of 2.74, moisture content of 16.6% and a moist
unit weight of 20.6 KN/m3.
A.) Compute the porosity of the soil
sample.
B.) Compute the buoyant unit weight of the
soil sample.
C.) Compute the weight of water in KN to
be added per cu-m of soil for 90 % degree
saturation.
 For a sandy soil, emax=0.86,
emin=0.43 and Gs=2.66.
A.) What is the void ratio at Dr=56%?
B.) Moist unit weight of soil when
water content is 7%.
C.) What is the degree of saturation?
 A soil sample was determined in
the laboratory to have a liquid limit of 41%
and a plastic limit of 21.1%. If the water
content is 30%, determine the following:
A.) Plasticity Index
B.) Liquidity index
C.) What is the characteristic of soil?
 A saturated soil used to
determine the shrinkage limit has an initial
volume V1=20.2 cm3, final volume
V2=14.3 cm3, mass of wet soil m1= 34 g
and mass of dry soil m2=24 g.
A.) Determine the shrinkage limit.
B.) Determine the shrinkage ratio.
C.) Determine the specific gravity of soil.
 A sample of dry coarse-grained material
was shaken through a nest of sieves and
the following results were obtained.
SIEVE NO. DIAMETER PERCENT FINER
4 4.760 100%
8 2.380 97%
10 2.000 94%
20 0.840 77%
40 0.420 58%
60 0.250 44%
100 0.149 24%
200 0.074 8%
A.) Compute the effective size.
B.) Compute the uniformity coefficient.
C.) Compute the coefficient of curvature.
 A sand cone test has been performed in a
compacted fill performed on a soil sample. The test
results were as follows:
Initial mass of sand cone apparatus w/ sand = 5.912 kg
Final mass of sand cone apparatus w/ sand = 2.378 kg
Mass of soil recovered from hole = 2.883 kg
Moisture content of soil from hole = 7 %
Density of sand = 1300 kg/m3
Volume of cone below valve = 1.114 x 10-3 m3
Maximum dry unit weight = 19 kN/m
A.) Compute the moist unit weight.
B.) Compute the dry unit weight
C.) Compute the relative compaction
 For a constant head laboratory
permeability test on a fine sand, the
following values are given:
Length of specimen=300 mm
Diameter of specimen=200 mm
Head difference=400 mm
Volume of water collected in 4 min=420 cu-cm
Void ratio of the soil specimen=0.55
A.) Compute the coefficient of permeability
in cm/s.
B.) Compute the discharge velocity in cm/s.
C.) Compute the seepage velocity.
 Water flows at the rate of 0.09
m3/s in an upward direction through a
sand sample with a coefficient of
permeability of 27 cm/s. The thickness of the
soil sample is 0.24 m and the area of cross
section is 0.54 m2. Saturated unit weight of
sand is 18.9 KN/m3
A.) Compute the hydraulic gradient.
B.) Compute the effective stress at the
middle of the sample.
C.) Compute the effective stress at the
bottom of the sample.
 The following data were obtained
in a direct shear test. Normal pressure is 20
KPa and the tangential pressure is 16 KPa.
Nagle of internal pressure is 20° and
cohesion of soil is 8 KPa.
A.) Compute the minor principal stress.

B.) Compute the major principal stress.

C.) Compute the direction of the
principal plane to the plane of shear.