UNIT II

The
PRINCIPLES
of
LEARNING
Prepared by: Robin E. Mallari
PRINCIPLE
refers to the fundamental truth or
law that provides bases of one’s
actions.
It defines the conduct one has to
adopt and display in performing the
roles demanded by his/her chosen
career.
It is a general belief that you have
about the way you should behave,
which influences your behavior.
• WHAT IS MEANT BY
LEARNING?

• HOW and WHEN

CAN WE SAY THAT
SOMEONE has
LEARNED?
IF YOU ARE WILLING TOLEARN,
NO ONE CAN STOPYOU’’.

‘’IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO

LEARN, NO ONE CAN HELP
YOU.
 PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
From Horne and Pine
(1990)

• The principles of learning provide additional insight

into what makes people learn most effectively. The
principles have been discovered, tested, and used
in practical situations.
• By knowing some principles on how learning
takes place, we will be guided on how to teach.
1. LEARNING IS AN EXPERIENCE WHICH OCCURS
INSIDE THE LEARNER AND IS ACTIVATED BY THE
LEARNER.
 NO ONE DIRECTLY TEACHES ANYONE
ANYTHING of SIGNIFICANCE…

‘’People LEARN
what they WANT to
LEARN,
they SEE what
they WANT to
SEE,
and HEAR what
they WANT to
HEAR’’.
2. LEARNING IS THE DISCOVERY OF THE PERSONAL
MEANING AND RELEVANCEOF
IDEAS.
 3. LEARNING (BEHAVIORAL CHANGE)IS A
CONSEQUENCE OFEXPERIENCE.
• People become responsible when they
have really assumed responsibility, they
become independent when they have
experienced independent behavior,
they become able when they have
experienced success, they begin to feel
important when they are important to
somebody, they feel like someone likes
them.
4. LEARNING IS A COOPERATIVEAND COLLABORATIVE
PROCESS COOPERATION FOSTERS LEARNING.
5. LEARNING IS AN EVOLUTIONARY
PROCESS.
6. LEARNING IS SOMETIMES A
PAINFUL PROCESS
7. ONE OF THE RICHEST RESOURCES OF
LEARNING IS THE LEARNER HIMSELF.
8. THE PROCESS OF LEARNING IS EMOTIONAL
AS WELL AS INTELLECTUAL.
 9. THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
AND LEARNING ARE HIGHLY UNIQUE AND
INDIVIDUAL.
Is an act of
communicating
with impact on
audience.
Types Of
Teaching
Principle
 Starting Principles
These involve the nature of the child, his
psychological and physiological endowments
which make education possible.

Our native equipment’s have been called by

various names. The most common terms used
are reflexes, instincts, capacities, impulses,
temperaments, and the like.
 Starting Principles
These hereditary endowments are the preliminary
concern in all educational Endeavour. In the language of
A vent- “the child’s original nature is absolutely
antecedent and initial to all educational activities and
results”.

It is therefore the function of education to make the

best use of these hereditary tendencies to meet human
needs, growth and development.
 Starting Principles
The primary concern of the teacher is not
the subject but the child, not knowledge of
specialty, but knowledge of the laws and
principles of child growth & development.
The process of child growth and development,
like all other natural processes, involve laws and
principles.
 Guiding Principles
These refer to the procedure, methods of instruction,
or agglomerations of techniques by which the pupil and
the teacher may work toward the accomplishment of
the goals or objectives of education.
The method of teaching involves the activities of the
teacher and the pupils. It is the method of learning and
not the method of teaching that constitutes the real
problems of method
 Guiding Principles
The method is the means of stimulating,
directing, guiding, and encouraging individual or
class activities.
The method of teaching involves the
application of many laws and principles.
True principles of teaching, then, must
explain teaching processes.
 Guiding Principles
They must show how subject matters are organized
and taught, how teaching results are achieved and
evaluated. Improved methods of teaching are
dependent upon increased knowledge of principles to
be applied.

Principles serve as guiding philosophy for the selec-

tion and operation of teaching and learning activities
and techniques.
 Ending Principles
These refer to the educational aims, goals,
objectives, outcomes, or results of the whole
educational scheme to which teaching and
learning are directed.
These educational aims or objectives may be
used as definite, intelligible principles or
guidance by those who seek to educate
effectively.
 Ending Principles
By the aims of education we mean the ends
toward which the educative process is moving.
The primary requisite of effective learning is a
goal or ending point.

In teaching and in learning one must know his

goal or objective.
“In learning you will
teach, and in teaching you
will learn.”
― Phil Collins’’
THANK YOU.
GOD BLESS!!