Team Name : “ZEROES”

CHETAN KARNATAK
REG. NO. 20155060
PRATEEK KUMAR RAI
REG.NO.20152056
P.JASWANTH SAI REDDY
REG. NO. 20155107
COST DESCRIPTION
 Arduino UNO -
 One PCB BOARD– Rs40
 One LCD - Rs110
 IC LM324 -
 IC7486 -
 Other equipments
(Resistor, buttons,wires etc)--Rs 50

 TOTAL COST -Rs xxxx

SOFTWARE USED

 ARDUINO SOFTWARE

 PROTEUS FOR SIMULATION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

To design a digital multi meter using microcontroller which can

measure
• DC voltage
• AC voltage
• DC current
• Resistance
• Capacitance
• Continuity of circuit
• diode tester
and display the measured values on LCD screen
GENERAL APPROACH
 As we know we can read voltages using
microcontroller through ADC peripheral of it.
 It can read values ranging from AREF to GND of
controller dividing the entire range to 1024 levels and
this value can be got from register of ADC.
 So we are measuring all the values converting them to
voltages in the range of ADC like converting current to
voltage etc..,
 We can measure other values dependent on time like
capacitance based on TIMER of micro controller
 DC- VOLTAGE
 DC voltages are divided into two ranges
i)0 – 5V
ii)5 - 30V
 i)0-5V:
The voltages ranging from 0 - 5V is measured
by connecting the voltage terminals to
adc.
 Ii)5-30V:
 For the range 5- 30V we have used a voltage divider to
convert the voltage into range 0 –5V using
resistances.Circuit of it is below.
 AC VOLTAGES
 AC voltages are divided into two ranges
i)0 – 5V
ii)5 - 30V
 AC voltages can be measured be detecting their peak(Vm) and
their rms value will be Vm/√2.
 So we have measured the peak voltage by using peak detector
circuit. i)0-5V:
The voltages ranging from 0 - 5V is measured by
connecting the voltage terminals to adc.
 Ii)5-30V:
 For the range 5- 30V we have used a voltage divider to convert
the voltage into range 0 –5V using resistances.Circuit of it is
below.
PEAK DETECTOR CIRCUIT
 RESISTANCE
 Resistances are measured by using voltage divider
circuit using one resistance of known resistance and
other one whose resistance is to be measured.
 Measure voltage across unknown resistance and we
can get resistance by using following equation.
There are six ranges in resistances:
i)220 Ω iv)100kΩ
ii)2.2k Ω v) 1MΩ
iii)22kΩ vi)5.6MΩ
 The known resistance of same range are used to
calculate unknown resitance of that range more
accurately(formula is sh0wn in next slide).
MULTI RANGE RESISTANCE CHECK
 CAPACITANCE
 For measuring capacitance we have used comparator
circuit using OP-AMPs .
 Output of first and second Op-Amp are high when the
voltage across capacitor is VCC/3 and 2VCC/3
respectively.
 these Opamps will enable the two interrupts at
different times .
 Thus we can measure the time between charging of
capacitor from VCC/3 to 2*VCC/3 which will lead us to
the value of capacitor (formula shown in next slide).
DC Current
 For finding DC current we are passing the current through 1
ohm resistance .
 We are amplifying the voltage across 1 ohm resistor using
Opamp.
 This voltage is fed to ADC.
CONTINUITY /DIODE TESTOR
 For continuity and diode mode we are using same
circuit as of resistance measurement.
 But in this mode we are checking the value of ADC to
be approximately Zero.
 For diode if the ADC value leads to a voltage of nearly
0.7 volt then the diode is forward bias else reverse
biased.
 β DETERMINER FOR BJT(ADD ON)
 We have used fixed bias circuit so that the current
through base can be determined by using equation
where base emitter voltage can be measured by using
adc
 Current through collector can be measured using
another adc of arduino and β can be calculated by ratio
of collector and base current.
User Interface
 We have provided two buttons by using which user
using interrupts.
 First button will select the different modes of
measurement (like capacitance , resistance etc..)
 By using second button we can change the range of a
particular measurement like different ranges in
resistances 220Ω,2.2k Ω,22k Ω etc..,
Special Arrangement for Mulptiple
Interrupt
 Here we need to generate four interrupts(two for
capacitance charging and two for user interface)
but we have limited interrupts pin in arduino(only
two).
 So we have used two XOR gate in which one of the
input is from the output of Opamp coming from the
comparator circuit of capacitor.
 The other input is from the button for mode selection
and range selection respectively.