DIAGRID

STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
Raihan Ahmed (151143)
B.Tech 4/4
Department of Civil Engineering, NITW
CONTENTS
▪ Introduction
▪ The Concept of Bracing
▪ What is Diagrid?
▪ History and Development of Diagrid Structures
▪ Components of Diagrid Structural System
▪ Working of Diagrid System
▪ Conventional Frame vs. Diagrid Frame
▪ Advantages and Disadvantages
▪ Conclusion and References
INTRODUCTION
Present Situation
▪ Land is Scarce
▪ Population is rising
▪ High Rise Structures are at Demand
▪ Lateral Loads become significant higher altitudes

Different Structural Systems

▪ Rigid Frame Structural System
▪ Braced Frame Structural System
▪ Shear Wall System
▪ Tubular System
▪ Outrigger Systems
▪ Diagrid Structural System
CONCEPT OF BRACING
▪ Structural System Designed to resist Wind and Earthquake Loads
▪ Makes Structure Stiff and Sturdy
▪ Even used with Simple Structures like Chair, Table, etc.
 WHAT IS DIAGRID?
▪ Columns provided for carrying Vertical Loads

and Bracing for carrying Lateral Loads

▪ Braces participate in Vertical Load Transfer
▪ Columns participate in Lateral Load Transfer
▪ In Diagrid, Columns and Braces are Same
▪ Both Loads are transfer by same Inclined Member
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
▪ First innovated by Russian Engineer,
Vladimir Sukhov during 1896.
▪ Extensively used as support system for
many Water Tanks and Broadcasting
Towers.
▪ Later British Architecture Company re-
worked and designed structural system
suitable for buildings.
▪ Construction of Hearst Tower, USA and
Swiss Re Tower, UK led to popularity of
Diagrid Structures.
COMPONENTS OF DIAGRID
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
 Node:
Intersection point of Member.
 Diagonal Members:
Inclined Members that transfer gravity and lateral
loads both.
 Floor Slabs:
Slabs at different levels of building.
 Core:
Usually in center for service and load transfers.
COMPONENTS OF DIAGRID
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
 Ring Beam:
Beams Connecting Nodes and Diagrid Members at
different points.
 Tie Beams:
Connect and Transfer Load from Core to Diagrid.
DIAGRID OPTIMAL ANGLE
 Optimal angle for maximum bending rigidity of column
is 90 degrees.
 Optimal angle for maximum shear rigidity of diagonals
or braces is 35 degrees.
 Diagonal Member in Diagrid carries both Shear and
Moment.
 Hence, assumed that optimal angle of diagrid falls
between 35 and 90 degrees.
 Usually 60 to 70 degrees is adopted.
HOW DOES DIAGRID SYSTEM WORK?
 Diagrid Structural System gains structural integrity using
Triangulation.
 Loads produce an “Axial Force“ along column direction,
when Vertical or Lateral Load applied.
 Diagrid modelled as vertical cantilever beam on ground
and subdivided longitudinally into Modules.
 Height of Diagrid depend on number of floors stacked in
module.
HOW DOES DIAGRID SYSTEM WORK?
 Effect of Vertical Load

Vertical load from apex will

distribute to diagonal members as axial
force.
HOW DOES DIAGRID SYSTEM WORK?
 Effect of Lateral Load

Lateral load will cause forces in

opposite direction on windward and
leeward side.

Again this load is transferred as axial

load.
HOW DOES DIAGRID SYSTEM WORK?
 Effect of Shear Load

Shear load acting on apex causes

one member to be in compression and
other to be in tension.
HOW DOES DIAGRID SYSTEM WORK?
Load on Node

• Vertical load transfer in form of axial load to diagrid

members below
• Horizontal Load transfer in form of axial load, but
compression and tension.
• During Horizontal Load, Shear forces developed at node.
• Shear forces are very high, hence proper designing for bolt
connection is to be done.
HOW DOES DIAGRID SYSTEM WORK?
Load on Node
CONVENTIONAL FRAME VS. DIAGRID FRAME
• Diagrids are more effective in resisting lateral loads.
• Diagrids are more effective in minimizing shear deformation.
• Diagrid system provides more day light, due to large open
spaces between diagrids.
• Displacement in each storey are less compared to
conventional braced frame.
• For 24 storey building weight of conventional frame is 100%
more than diagrid frame.
ADVANTAGES OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
• Improves aesthetic view.
• Makes maximum use of structural material used.
• Reduces usage of steel.
• Allows generous amount of light.
• Unique Designs and Floor Plans can be implemented.
• Better ability to redistribute load than Moment Frame.
• Redundancy helps transfer load from failed portion to other
structure element.
DISADVANTAGES OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
• Still not completely explored.
• Needs Skilled and Experienced Labor.
• If not designed properly effects the economy and safety of
structure.

CONCLUSION
• New Design Trend for tall shaped complex structures.
• Evolution of Braced Structural System.
• Promotes Sustainable Construction.
• Provides more efficiency than Braced Structural System.
REFERENCES
1. https://www.google.com/search?client=f
irefox-b-d&q=diagrid+structures
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3
GJ1t_3QrWQ
3. https://www.slideshare.net/vivekbhathe
e/diagrid-structural-system
4. https://theconstructor.org/structural-e
ngg/diagrid-structural-system/13731/
5. https://buildcivil.wordpress.com/2013/1
2/16/diagrid-structural-system/
6. https://www.researchgate.net/
7. Analysis and comparison of diagrid and
conventional structural system
Raghunath .D. Deshpande , Sadanand
M. Patil , Subramanya Ratan,