Data Types in Oracle

• The datatype of a value associates a fixed set

of properties with the value.
• Char
• Varchar2
• Nvarchar2
• Number
• Float
• Long datatypes (clob,nclob,blob)
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 COnstraints
• Constraint keyword is used to define an integrity
constraint
• A CONSTRAINT can be one of the following:
• a column-level constraintColumn-level constraints refer to a
single column in the table and do not specify a column name
(except check constraints). They refer to the column that they
follow.
• a table-level constraintTable-level constraints refer to one or
more columns in the table. Table-level constraints specify the
names of the columns to which they apply.
– Table-level CHECK constraints can refer to 0 or more columns in the
table.

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•A NOT NULL constraint prohibits a database value from being null.
•A unique constraint prohibits multiple rows from having the same value
in the same column or combination of columns but allows some values to be
null.
•A primary key constraint combines a NOT NULL constraint and a unique
constraint in a single declaration. It prohibits multiple rows from having the same
value in the same column or combination of columns and prohibits values from
being null.
•A foreign key constraint requires values in one table to match values in
another table.
•A check constraint requires a value in the database to comply with a specified
condition.

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 Check Constraint
• A check constraint can be used to specify a wide range of rules for the
contents of a table. A search condition (which is a boolean expression) is
specified for a check constraint. This search condition must be satisfied for
all rows in the table. The search condition is applied to each row that is
modified on an INSERT or UPDATE at the time of the row modification. The
entire statement is aborted if any check constraint is violated.
• Requirements for search condition
• If a check constraint is specified as part of a column-definition, a column
reference can only be made to the same column. Check constraints
specified as part of a table definition can have column references
identifying columns previously defined in the CREATE TABLE statement.
• Constraint constraint_name check (col_condition)
• Example: create table orders (ordered number(5), order_date date, status
varchar2 (10) constraint check_status CHECK (status IN (‘Cancel’,’pending’,
‘confirm’)
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 To do
• Create table as below specification:
tbl_Customer(cust_no number (5) NOT NULL,
First_name varchar2(30) constraint unique_fname
UNIQUE, last_name varchar2(30), address
varchar2(50), city varchar2(30), state varchar2(30)
DEFAULT ‘GUJARAT’, pincode varchar2(12), birth_date
date,nationality varchar2(20) CONSTRAINT
check_nation CHECK(nationality IN
(‘Indian’,’American’,’nepali’))
);
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• Create table tbl_employee (empno
number(4), ename varchar2(20),address
varchar2(30), job varchar2(10), mgr
number(4), hiredate date, sal number(7,2),
comm number (7,2) deptno number(2));
• Create table tbl_dept( deptno number(2),
deptname varchar2(10)

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 Solve the following Queries
• 1) display distinct jobs.
• 2)display data of employee with empno,
ename as name, hiredate as Join Date, sal as
salary, job for those who are manager.
• 3)Write a query to find the years of
experience

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