Introduction To Offshore Structural Engineering

Petrocamp 2016
INTRODUCTION TO OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
GENERAL

PURPOSE: Support facilities for necessary for Oil & Gas Drilling,
Production (Separation or Processing) and Export of Liquids & Gas.

FIELD DEVELOPMENT (Upstream):

 Seismic Survey & Exploration drilling using fixed or floating drilling units

 Fabrication, Transportation and Installation of Offshore Platform

 Connection to pipelines.

Malampaya Field, The Philippines.

 INTRODUCTION
BRIEF HISTORY
Young Industry:The first Offshore Platform in more than
100ft (30m) water depth installed only 50 years ago.

More than 9,000 fixed platforms installed world-wide.

 Largest Structure Troll A in The North Sea, Approx 650,000MT installation
weight in 300meters water depth and measuring 472m from bottom to top.

Floating Platforms, typically only about 15-25 new platforms annually.

 Maximum current water depth is 3,000meters.
 Largest Topside: Weight 65,000MT (HeidrunTLP, North Sea)

Asia:
 Largest Topside: Weight 17,000MT, Size 125x50meter footprint (Malaysia)
 Largest Jacket: Weight 9,000MT (Malaysia)
 Largest water depth: 1,330meter (Kikeh Spar Platform, Malaysia)
 INTRODUCTION
BRIEF HISTORY

TROLL A GBS (North Sea):

•Total Weight 650,000MT
•Height 472m
•300m water depth
•Installed 1995
HEIDRUN TLP (North Sea):
•Concrete Hull
•350m water depth
•65,000 MT Topside
•Installed 1995
 INTRODUCTION
BRIEF HISTORY
CAKERAWALA (CKP) Topside (Malaysia):
•Load out Weight 17,000MT
•Operational Weight 29,000MT
•Length 125m & Width 50m
•Installed 2002
•Largest Offshore Float-over
installed topside so far.

HELANG Jacket (Malaysia):

•8,000MT
•Installed 2002

KIKEH Spar (Malaysia):

•Water Depth 1,330m
•Diameter 32m
•To be installed 2007
•First Spar outside GoM
 INTRODUCTION

PLATFORM TOPSIDE (INTEGRATED OFFSHORE PLANT)

Flare Boom
Drilling
Crane
Process, Compression
& Export
Utility (Power)
Helideck
Living Quarter
Life Boats
Jacket
(Supporting Topside)

Grane Platform, North Sea. 40,000MT Topside & 18,000MT Jacket. © Norsk Hydro.
 INTRODUCTION
PLATFORM TOPSIDES – BRIDGE LINKED FIELD
Accommodation (1 no.)
Flare Towers (2 nos.)
Riser (2 nos.)
Process,
Compression
& Export (2 nos.)

OTHER:
Substructures
(Jackets) (7 nos.)
Bridges (6 nos.)

East Area Project. Nigeria.

 INTRODUCTION
UNIQUE CHALLENGES FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Design to resist forces from natural phenomena:

(Waves, Current, Wind, Hydrostatic Pressure, Earthquake, Marine Corrosion).
Design for Accidental Scenarios:
(Hydrocarbon Fire and Explosion, Boat Impact, Helicopter Impact,
Extreme Waves, Drop of lifted Objects).
Design for Fatigue caused by the cyclic nature of wind and waves.
Design the Topside (Offshore Plant) within extremely confined spaces.
Design to maximize completion On-Shore to reduce costs.
Design for Temporary Phases:
(Construction, Load Out, Sea Transport and Offshore Installation)
 INTRODUCTION
DECISIONS THAT AFFECT STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Selection of Platform Concept: (Fixed or Floating Platform).

Water Depth, Soil Conditions, Environmental Criteria.
Extent of Processing (Separation) to be done Offshore:
(None, Partial or Full Separation).
Type of Drilling Facilities:
(Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU), Tender Assisted or Platform Rig).
Staffed or Un-Staffed.
Platform Access:
(Helicopter, Boat, Bridge-linked to neighbor platform).
Export Method for Oil & Gas:
(Pipeline/Riser, Shuttle-Tanker, Power-Plant, Re-Injection).
Availability & Capability of Fabrication Yards.
Available Barges/Vessels for Sea Transport and Offshore Installation.
INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 PLATFORM
2. PLATFORMTYPES
TYPES

FIXED PLATFORM TYPES Topside

JACKETS:
 Make up almost 90% of Offshore Platforms around the world.
 Tower like Braced Tubular Structure. Sea Level
 “Jacket” as the platform act as protection for
drilling caissons and risers.
 Maximum Water Depth 400m and
Maximum Weight 50,000MT. Jacket

 Permanently Anchored to Sea Bed

using Piles or “Buckets”.
 Mud mats for stability
until installation of piles.
Sea Bed
 Fundamental Natural period
of vibration <5seconds.
Piles

PDMS view of Otway Jacket, Australia.

 PLATFORM
2. PLATFORMTYPES
TYPES

FIXED PLATFORM TYPES (CONTINUE) Baldplate Compliant Tower,

650m water depth, GoM
Gravity Base Structures (GBS) (<300m):
 Water Depth up to 300m and Natural period <5sec.
Compliant Towers:
 Water Depth up to 600m
 Natural period >30sec,
hence “compliant”.
Jack-Up’s (<100m):
 Self-elevated.
 Self-installed.
 Mobile.

Elgin Jack-Up Platform.

Jack-Up Platform North Sea. © Technip.
In transit condition.
 PLATFORM
2. PLATFORMTYPES
TYPES

FLOATING PLATFORM TYPES

Semi-Submersible Platform:
 Hull form derived from traditional floating drilling semi’s
 Moored to Sea Bed using Catenary Mooring Lines (Slack Mooring)
 Use Mooring + Inertia to resist extreme lateral motions during a storm
 Water Depth up to 3,000m and Topside Weight up to 40,000MT

Mooring Winch

Hull Pontoons

Hull Columns

Mooring

Floating Production Unit (FPU) © Atlantia

 PLATFORM
2. PLATFORMTYPES
TYPES
Single column TLP (Three Pontoons) © Atlantia
FLOATING PLATFORM TYPES (CONTINUE)
Tension Leg Platform (TLP):
 Hull form similar to Semi’s.
Can also use One (1) or Three (3) columns only.
 Moored to Sea Bed using vertical tendons
(tubular sections) that always stay in tension.
 Very small vertical and angular motions during a storm.
 Lateral motions resisted by tendons and inertia.
 Water Depth
up to 3,000m and
Topside Weight
up to 65,000MT.

West Seno 4-legged TLP and Tender assisted drilling,

Indonesia.
 PLATFORM
2. PLATFORMTYPES
TYPES

FLOATING PLATFORM TYPES (CONTINUE)

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO):
 Ship-shaped vessels (mono-hull) similar to trading tankers.
 Main advantages are storage capacity and utilization of large Topsides.
 Mooring and motions similar to Semi’s.

Aasgard FPSO, North Sea © Statoil Girassol FPSO, West Africa.

 PLATFORM
2. PLATFORMTYPES
TYPES

FLOATING PLATFORM TYPES (CONTINUE)

Truss Spar
Spar Platform:
 Essentially a Deep Draft Cylinder.
 Can utilize taut steel catenaries mooring lines.
 Very small motions due to small water plan area
and large entrapped mass.
 Water Depth up to 3,000m and
Topside Weight up to 50,000MT.
INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 DESIGN
3. DESIGNCRITERIA
CRITERIA

Structural Design must Comply With:

 Offshore Structural Design Procedures (Codes):
 American Petroleum Institute (API).
 International Standards Organization (ISO).
 Local Governmental Regulations.
 Developer (Owner) Specifications.
 Petronas, Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, etc.
 Classification bodies Specifications (if required):
 American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Det Norske Veritas (DnV),
Lloyds Register of Shipping, Bureau Veritas and Germanisher Lloyds.
 Warranty Surveyor Specifications (Insurance Company for Temporary
Phases).
INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 DESIGN
4. LOAD
DESIGN LOADS

WEIGHT CONTROL:
 Essential to estimate , report and monitor platform weight and Centre of
Gravity (CoG) with high accuracy.
 All phases must be estimated (Fabrication, Load Out, Sea Transport,
Offshore Installation and Operation).
 Weight and CoG is Critical for:
 Capacity of Fabrication site foundation and Load Out Equipments.
 Sea Transport and Offshore Lifting Barge/Vessel capacity.
 Platform structural integrity.
 At start detail engineering, inaccuracy typically <10-15% of final weight.
 Estimation of Weight and CoG is usually confirmed through weighing before Loading Out the
Platform.
Inaccuracy <3% between estimate and weighing results.
 DESIGN
4. LOAD
DESIGN LOADS

GRAVITY LOADS:
 Examples of Permanent Loads that will not vary during platform life:
 Topside Structural Steel, Equipments, Piping, Buildings (Offshore “Plant”).
 Sub-Structure Structural Steel or Concrete.
 Permanent ballast for floating platforms.

 Examples of variable Loads that may change during platform life:

 Drilling and Crane Operations.
 Liquids in tanks, equipments and piping.
 Crew and helicopter.
 Variable ballast in tanks for floating platforms.

Oseberg Sor 22,000 PDQ Topside. © Norsk Hydro.

 DESIGN
4. LOAD
DESIGN LOADS

ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS:
 Major challenge due to large impact on Sub-Structure and Foundation design.
 Waves (Up to 36meter wave height).
 Wind (Up to 240 km/hour).
 Current.
 Tidal Variations and Hydrostatic Pressure.
 Earthquake.
 Snow/Ice.
 For operational design:
Use 100year Wave Height, i.e. a wave that will
be exceeded in average once every hundred year.

Oseberg Field, North Sea. © Norsk Hydro.

 DESIGN
4. LOAD
DESIGN LOADS

ACCIDENTAL LOADS:
 Design criteria determined from risk analysis.
 Design value will in average be exceeded
once every 10,000year.

CASES:
 Hydrocarbon jet and pool fires.
 Hydrocarbon gas explosion (blast).
 Drop of lifted objects (containers / drill collars).
 Boat Impact.
 Extreme Waves.
 Accidental Flooding.

Example: This can be a Design Case !!!

INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
AND DESIGN

Global Response determined from Finite Element Analysis (FEA):

 Usually sufficient with coarse mesh model
using 2-noded beam elements to verify:
 Capacity against code requirements (API, ISO, …)
 Deflections and vibrations.
 Extract reactions for design of foundations and
supports for temporary phases.
Computer programs will automatically:
 Generate Gravity and Environmental Loads.
 Consider non-linear interaction between piles & soil.
 Determine motions for floating platforms.
 Perform capacity checks as per API, ISO, …
for beam and stiffened plate structures. Jacket Analysis
(Operation)
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
AND DESIGN

Different Analyses Types:

 Linear Elastic (Static) Analysis: Sufficient if condition to be analyzed is having none/small
dynamic response.
 Linear Elastic (Dynamic) Analysis: Required if condition to be analyzed is causing dynamic
response (Example: wave loads, earthquake)
 Non-Linear Analysis can be used to simulate effects from:
 Large deflections (geometrical effects).
 Non-linear material effects (structure, soil).
 Examples of Non-linear Analyses:
– Non-Linear interaction between platform piles and soil.
– Jack-up platform and wave loads (P-Delta effects).
– Accidental fire analysis considering non-linear material effects.
– Accidental boat impact considering non-linear material and soil effects.
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
AND DESIGN

Example of Computer Analysis Results:

Local Analysis
of Connection
Topside Detail
Non-Linear
Fire Analysis

Jacket Launch Trajectory Analysis

(Skidded from barge into the water)
Jack-Up Analysis
(Operation)
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
AND DESIGN

Design work:
 All physical objects including Structural items + obstruction volumes are modeled in 3D
CAD system for the purpose of:
 Clash detection
 Generate Material quantities for Material Purchase Order
 Generate 2D drawings (and optical cutting data) for fabrication
 Generate Input to
Weight Control Report
 Operability Review
 Planning of Installation

Plot generated from PDMS

(Plant Design Management System)
showing 19,000MT Topside
INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 FOUNDATION METHOD
6. FOUNDATION METHODSAND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN

Reliable and site-specific soil data, is essential for design.

Soil survey must consider Platform Type,
Size and Foundation Method.
Temporary stability must be considered
until piles are installed.
Non-Linear pile & soil interaction Wave

must be considered.
Use civil engineering calculation
Sea Bed
methods.

Deflection of Jacket piles

Due to wave loading
 FOUNDATION METHOD
6. FOUNDATION METHODSAND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN

Example: Jacket with timber mudmat for temporary stability on Sea Bed:
 Necessary to avoid overturning or sliding before/during piling operation.
 Overturning caused by waves, current, wind and eccentricity.

Jacket on Transport barge, Brunei.

 FOUNDATION METHOD
6. FOUNDATION METHODSAND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN

Most Common Foundation Method – Steel Piles:

 Open Ended Steel Piles driven into the sea bed using impact hammers.
 Pile Diameter can be in excess of 2 meter.
 Penetration depth can be more than 100 meter below sea bed.

Piles can be driven either through:

 The jacket main legs using a hammer operating above sea level, or
 Pile sleeves connected to jacket legs at sea bed level using a underwater hammer.

Pile installation simulated up-front using wave equation programs (GRLWEAP)

Total pile weight often of the same order as jacket platform weight.
 FOUNDATION METHOD
6. FOUNDATION METHODSAND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN

Example: Jacket pile sleeves. Five (5) piles connected to bottom of each leg.
Piles grouted to sleeves after installation.

Detail of pile cluster showing five pile sleeves.

Grane Jacket (18,000MT) on Transport barge. North Sea. © Norsk Hydro.

 FOUNDATION METHOD
6. FOUNDATION METHODSAND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN

Example: Installation of 30” battered leg piles:

East Area GT Jacket (200MT). Nigeria. Welding add-ons (P2 to P1). Hydraulic hammer, free riding using the
Jacket + Piles on Transport barge. Legs as template..
 FOUNDATION METHOD
6. FOUNDATION METHODSAND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN
East Area GN Jacket (4,000MT). Nigeria.
Two out of eight piles stabbed.
Example: Installation of 96” leg-piles:
 Jacket legs act as template
 Drop to self penetration
 Drive to target penetration

Hydraulic hammer onboard lifting vessel.

96” Pile stabbed into Jacket leg

INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 FABRICATION
7. FABRICATION

Complete as much as possible On-Shore:

 Fabricate as large components as possible.
 Simplify & Reduce Number of Offshore Interfaces.

Reduce fabrication lead time:

 Concurrent fabrication of sub-assemblies.
 Simplify structural configuration – Avoid complex connections.
 Use standard details.
 Optimize welding and inspection.
 Reduce number of material grades
and sizes.

Yard lift using 3,000MT floating crane.

Cakerawala (CKP) topside
At Samsung Heavy Industry Yard,
South Korea.
INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION
LOADOUT
Load Out: Transfer from fabrication yard to Sea (Barge, Vessel or Free-Floating).

Fabrication site located with easy access to river or sea.

Load Out Methods:

 Skidding using strand jacks or hydraulic jacks. Weight up to 50,000MT.
 Lifting using yard or floating cranes. Weight up to 11,000MT using SSCV.
 Trailer (wheels). Weight up to 11,000MT.
 Float Out from dry-dock. No weight limit. Topside up to 65,000MT for FPSO.
 In-shore float-over (merging of topside and substructure).
Weight up to 65,000MT.
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION
SEA TRANSPORT
Sea Transport:
 Transfer from fabrication yard to Offshore location.
 Transfer from one fabrication yard to another yard.

Sea Transport Methods:

 Barge Tow (Examples: Topsides, Jackets, Spar Hull, TLP Hull)
 Heavy Lift Vessel (Ship) (Examples: Topsides, Jackets, Semi-Submersibles)
 Crane Vessel (Example: Smaller Topsides and jackets).
 Towed Self-floating (Examples: Jack-Up, Semi, TLP, Spar hull, FPSO).
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION

Load Out Method: Skidding using strand jacks or hydraulic jacks.

Cakerawala (CKP) Topside skidded loadout. Saipem S45 barge with longitudinal skid
Barge de-ballasted while topside beams and strand jacks
pulled 5-10meter/hour.. anchor points.

Strand jacks connected to skids shoes

supporting the topside.
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION

Load Out Method: Trailer with load control

East Area Quarter Topside (4,000MT) during trailer loadout at McNulty fabricator, UK.
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION

Load Out Method: Trailer with load control

East Area Quarter Topside (4,000MT) during trailer loadout at McNulty fabricator, UK.
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION

Load Out Method: Trailer with load control

Sail away. Topside supported on Heavy Lift Vessel (Ship).

Trailers adjust stroke to cater for uneven foundation.

In this case link between quay and vessel.
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION

EXAMPLE: Deck Float-over Operation (Semi-Submersible):

Topside arrive on Heavy Lift Vessel (Left),

Hull structure waiting (Right)
 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION

EXAMPLE: Deck Float-over Operation (Semi-Submersible) (Continue):

Heavy Lift Vessel located between Hull columns.

 8. LOADOUT
LOADOUT ANDAND TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE: Deck Float-over Operation (Semi-Submersible) (Continue):

Ready to lower Topside down on Hull columns (Left),

Ready for tow to offshore field (Right)
INTRODUCTION TOTO
INTRODUCTION OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PLATFORM TYPES
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
4. DESIGN LOADS
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSES AND DESIGN
6. FOUNDATION METHODS AND DESIGN
7. FABRICATION
8. LOADOUT AND TRANSPORTATION
9. OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
 9. OFFSHOREINSTALLATION
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION

Critical due to operational costs and risks !!!

Installation Methods:
 Lifting for Weight up to 11,000MT using SSCV (Semi Submersible Crane Vessel)
 Can be used for both topsides, modules and sub-structures (jackets, TLP).
 Can be used for up-ending of jackets, compliant towers and Spar platforms.
 Launch (skid from barge into the sea until free floating).
 Can be used for both jackets and compliant towers.
 Floatover (lowering deck onto substructure using ballast / jacks).
 Can be used for topsides. Offshore floatover planned for 25,000MT Topside, while in-
shore (sheltered water) floatover has been done for 65,000MT Topside.
 Self-Installed:
 Towed or self-propelled to Offshore Location (Jack-Up, Semi, FPSO)
 9. OFFSHOREINSTALLATION
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
EXAMPLES
TLP Installation:
Transport of Hull from fabrication site to Offshore Location.

Final installation (Left),

Hull transported to offshore site on Heavy Lift Vessel (Right)
 9. OFFSHOREINSTALLATION
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
EXAMPLES
TLP Installation:
Offshore Lifting using SSCV
(Semi-Submersible Crane Vessel)

Tandem lift using SSCV (Left & Right)

 9. OFFSHOREINSTALLATION
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
EXAMPLES
TLP Installation (Continue): Installation Completed.

Final installation (Left & Right)

 9. OFFSHOREINSTALLATION
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
EXAMPLES
SSCV Sling diameter and Hook Size (Heerema Hermod & Thialf):
 Sling diameter 350-400mm, Breaking load 2,500MT
 Total practical lift capacity ~ 12,000MT
 9. OFFSHOREINSTALLATION
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
EXAMPLES
Jacket Launch: 4,000MT jacket transported on 42m
wide launch barge. Malaysia.

1) Barge ballast, jacket

start to slide

2) Jacket sliding into the sea

3) Self up-end to floating

position. Ready for tow to
final location.
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION