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An Introductory Lecture

In
Post Tension Slabs
Arranged by

Free Span Engineering Company


In Cooperation with

The Association of Engineers

Delivered by
Mohammad T. Alsayyed, PhD, PE
Ramallah 18/3/2019
POST TENSIONING
1. Stress distribution.
2. Fressinee found out the phenomena of creep and shrinkage & their effect on
concrete. Creep is the strain of concrete due to existence of certain stresses for
long time.
POST TENSIONING
3. advantages:
1. It is useful for water structure.
2. Using of H.G. Steel is economic.
3. An area of x-section is fully utilized.
4. It is better for impact load.
5. Saving materials.
6. Small x-sections.
POST TENSIONING
4. Types:

i. Post tensioning.
ii. Pre tensioning.

5. Critical stages of loading:


Case 1: Concentric tendon, prestress only.

Case 2:concentric tendon, self-weight added.


Case 3: eccentric tendon, prestress only.

Case 4: eccentric tendon, self-weight added.


History of Post-
Tensioning

Uses & Types of


Post-Tensioning

Benefits of
Post-Tensioning
HISTORY OF POST-TENSIONING
Post-Tensioning is a  1946: Post-Tensioning
method of prestressing. gained momentum in
 Concrete is weak in Europe due to steel
tension. shortage.
PT increases concrete’s 1951: 1st PT bridge
ability to perform under constructed in U.S.
tensile stresses. Tendons 1963: Prestressed
are tensioned after the concrete incorporated
concrete is poured. into ACI code.
1928: Modern 1976: post-tensioning
prestressed concrete was institute (PTI) founded.
‘’invented.’’
TYPES OF POST-TENSIONING
PRESTRESSING STEEL TENDONS
 Mono-strand: One single strand per tendon.

 multi-strand : Multiple strands per tendon.

 unbonded: Tendon encased in plastic sheathing. Does not bond to concrete.


Force is transferred by the anchorage only.

 bonded: Tendon installed in ducts that are pumped with grout after stressing.
Bonds to concrete .
USES OF POST-TENSIONING

•Commercial high-rise.
•Multi-family & Residential
housing
•Festival halls
•Parking structures
•Theaters
•Bridges.
•Stadiums
•Tennis courts
•Water tanks\ silos
•Repair & restoration
BENEFITS OF POST-TENSION

•Materials Saving: •Increased Durability:


1. Thinner concrete 1. Improved seismic
behavior.
2. Reduced rebar
2. Reduced deflection+
3. Reduced bldg height + Vibration.
vertical elements.
3. Water proofing+ crack
control.
•Quicker Construction:
1.Potential 3-4 day pour •Reduced lifecycle costs:
cycle.
1.Reduced height= less energy.
2.Reduced reshoring 2.Less maintenance
requirements.
3.Potential LEED credits.
DESIGN CHECK
Design criteria are available in all international codes
• British Standard (BS8110 Part I)
• Ciria Guide 1 – Anchor Block Design
• ACI 318 (American)
• ACI 423 for unbonded
• CAN 3 – A23.3 (Canadian)
• Euro Codes
• Concrete Society Technical Report #43
STRANDS

 Strand: High-strength steel wire. 6-wires twist around 7th


central ‘’king’’-wire. Typical diameters are 0.5’’ and 0.6’’.
 Tendon: strand that is encased with a layer of corrosive-inhibitor
(grease) and plastic sheathing.
• •Flat slabs without drops -----------------------------------------span/30-40
• •Flat slabs with drops ---------------------------------------------span/34-44
• •Ribbed slabs ------------------------------------------------------span/24-30
• •Beams ------------------------------------------------------------span/18-25 For example: 9m grid 225 to 300mm
PT slab (residential to office loading)
ANCHORS, WEDGES, POCKET FORMER
 Anchor : casting which houses wedges used to transfer prestressing force to
concrete:
-stressing anchor: where jacking force is applied.
 Wedges: Tapered high-strength steel with teeth.
 Pocket Former: temporary device that creates opening\pocket in concrete to
allow for stressing.
SUPPORTS - DEFINITIONS
 C.G.S. = Center of Gravity. of Steel.
 C.G.C. = Center of Gravity of Concrete.
 AT ANCHORAGES: C.G.S = C.G.C.

 Profile / Drape: Tendon elevation inside concrete.


 High Point: Control point at column supports.
 Low Point: Control point at mid-span.
GENERAL CONTRACTOR

 Provides latest design documents to PT Supplier.


 Approves pour sequence.
 Coordinates post-tensioning with other trades (embeds,
stairs, openings etc.) that may affect the access to
stressing tendons.
 Manages post –tensioning process.

Should obtain from PT Suppliers :


• PT layout
• # of Holes in bulkhead to stress
• # Pockets to grout
• Pour Sequence
POST - TENSION SUPPLIER
 Responsibilities include:
• Provide installation shop drawings and calcs that meet
requirements in structural design drawings.
• Furnish post – tensioning tendons and accessories to
meet structural specifications.
• Assist in solving preconstruction and field issues
related to post – tensioning.
POST - TENSION INSPECTION
RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE:
• Check tendon profiles.
• Monitor stressing operations.
• Measure elongations after stressing.
• Compare measured to theoretical elongations.
• Make elongation report for Str. Engineer’s approval.
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
 Important to have proper strength before stressing.
 Stressing should occur within 3-4 days of pour.
 Dependant on 28 day strength and project specs.
STRESSING

 Before Stressing:
• Concrete reach proper strength (typically 300 kg/cm2).
• Clean anchor cavity.
• Install wedges, check alignment.
ELONGATIONS

 Paint Markings
 Proper Measuring
 Use metal objects
 Stressing Record
 Approved by Structural Engineer

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