COURT

Philippine
Criminal Justice
System
Third Pillar
 COURT
 Are the judicial tribunals upon which the judicial power
of the government is vested in one Supreme Court and
such other courts that may be established by law. The
Supreme Court is the highest court of the land. It is the
last review court of last result, for no appeal lies it’s
judgements and final orders. It exercise appellate
jurisdiction over cases decided by the Court of Appeals
or Regional Trial Courts. As a rule only question of law
may be raised in appeal to it

2
Judicially the power of
the courts are:

1)To settle actual

controversies involving
rights which legally
demandable and
enforceable, and
2)To determine whether or
not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion 3

amounting to lack or
excess of jurisdiction on the
• Appeals to the Supreme Court are never a matter
of right. The only exception to this rule is when the
penalty of death, reclusion Perpetua, or life
imprisonment has been imposed either by the
Regional Trial Court (RTC) or the Court of Appeals;
where the case goes automatically to the Supreme
Court for Review, even if the accused does not
appeal. And in any of these three cases (penalty of
death, reclusion Perpetua, or life imprisonment) the
issues of facts and law may be raised before and 4

decided by the Supreme Court.

 Philippine court system
Review Courts
o Supreme Court
o Court of Appeals
Trial Courts
o Regional Trial Court
 Provincial Trial Court
 Metro Manila Trial Court
o Metropolitan Trial Court
o Municipal Trial Court
o Municipal Circuit Trial Court
Special Courts
o Court of Tax Appeal 5
o Sandiganbayan
Family Violence Court

• Family court is a court of Equity convened to

decide matters and make orders in relation
to family law, such as custody of children. In
common-law jurisdictions "family courts" are
statutory creations primarily dealing with
equitable matters devolved from a court of
inherent jurisdiction, such as a superior court.
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JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS

Jurisdiction as used in a judicial point of views is

defined as the power to try and decide or hear and
determine a cause.
To try and hear simply means to receive evidence
from the parties (including their arguments according to
fixed of rules).
To decide or to determine means to resolve the
dispute by applying the law to the facts (established by 7

evidence).
 The Basic Court System

• In the
Philippines Supreme Court (SC)
the regular Review
courts Court
engage in Court of Appeals (CA)
the
administratio Regional Trial Court
n of justice is (RTC)
organized Trial
into four (4) Courts
Metropolitan Trial Court
levels as
depicted in 8

the following
THE FOUR-LEVEL INTEGRATED
COURT SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
First Level Courts

a) Metropolitan Trial Courts

b) Municipal Trial Courts (in cities)
c) Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
They try and decide only the particular types or classes of cases
specified by law. Criminal action within their respective
jurisdiction includes those involving violation of city and municipal
ordinances committed within their respective jurisdictions, and
offenses punishable with imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years.
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 SECOND LEVEL COURTS

At the second level courts are the Regional

Trial Court which composes of several
branches. They are courts of general
jurisdiction; they try and decide not only the
particular or kind of cases assigned to them
by law, but also those which are not
otherwise within the jurisdiction of the courts
of the first level. 10
 THIRD LEVEL COURT

At the third level is the Court of

Appeals (CA). It is essentially an
appellate court (not a trial court), it
review cases appealed to it from the
Regional Trial Courts. It may review
cases on Question of facts and law
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 FOURTH LEVEL COURT

At the fourth level is the Supreme Court (SC).

It is the highest court of the land. It is the court
of last resort, for no appeal lies from its final
judgements and final orders. It exercises
appellate jurisdiction over cases decided by the
Court of Appeals or the Regional Trial Courts. As
a rule, only question of law may be raised in
appeal to it. 12
In summary, the role of the courts in
criminal action proper start with:
a)Issuance of the Warrant of Arrest
b)To Arraignment
c)To Pre-Trial Conference
d)To Trial
e)To Judgement
f) And finally to the execution of the sentence
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 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

GROUP IV
COSTALES, CLANESS E.
LAGMAN, STEPHON ANDREI F.
FANCISCO, LEA B.
AÑONUEVO, JIREH MARIE M.
ALAO, JAYSON C.
BOLANTE, PRINCE KENNETH