PRESSURE DEPARTMENT

Business Head : Tech. Manager:

Mr. Parthiv Kinariwala Ms. Riddhi Kinariwala
PRISM CALIBRATION CENTER
WHAT IS PRESSURE…?

• Pressure is defined as a
force
acting evenly over a given
area.

• As we all know that,

Pressure = Force/Area.

• The SI unit for pressure is

PASCAL, denoted by Pa.

• This force can be exerted by

liquids, by gases or vapors,
or by solid bodies.

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Types of Pressure…

Absolute Pressure:
The most definite reference point is absolute zero pressure.
Simply we can say that Absolute Pressure is the summation of
gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.

Atmospheric Pressure:
It is produced by the weight of the atmosphere surrounding the earth.

Differential Pressure:
The difference between two pressures P1 and P2 is referred to as the
pressure differenential ΔP = P1 - P2. The difference between two
independent pressures is called the differential pressure.

(Cont.)
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• Gauge Pressure:
Pressure greater than atmospheric pressure that are measured relative
to atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure is the difference between
the absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.
Pgauge = Pabs – Patm

• Vacuum Pressure:
Pressure less than atmospheric pressure that are measured relative to
atmospheric pressure.Vacuum pressure equals atmospheric pressure
minus the absolute pressure: Pvac = Patm – Pabs

• Barometric pressure:
The barometric pressure is the absolute pressure of current
atmospheric pressure at a specific location.

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Units of Pressure…

1. kg/cm²
2. bar
3. mbar
4. Pa (Pascal)
5. MPa (Mega Pascal)
6. psi
7. mmHg
8. atm pressure
9. inHg
10. mmwc

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 PRESSURE PUMP TYPES AND ITS WORKING PRINCIPLE…

Comparison Test Pump (0bar - 700bar)

Here the medium used for pressure is water or oil.
There is reserve tank in middle where fluid is
stored. Two ports are given to mount pressure
gauges with internal threads. Those two ports
are mutually connected to tank with pipes.
As we rotate the handle in clock-wise direction, the
piston inside will gradually push the water to
come out-side from two ports with equal
amount of pressure. If we mount two pressure
gauge on each side then pressure will be
created in gauges which could be seen through
movement of pointer or display.
By rotating handle in anticlock-wise direction, the
pressure will released and comes to zero.

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 Pneumatic Test Pump

In pneumatic pump, the medium used for Connection Port A

pressure is air. Here pressure is applied by (Master)
pressing the handle. Both pressure and
vacuum can be generated by this pump.

Similar two ports are given to connect gauge. B Fine Tuner

Some times as per requirement pipe (UUC)
connection are also used in UUC port for low
pressure calibration.

By pressing handles, pressure/vacuum will

develop and non-returning valve would not
allowed to release the pressure.

Fine tuner is given for slight adjustment of

pressure.
Handle

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 SCREW PUMP
Screw pump is a type of comparison test
pump which is used for low bar pressure.
It is hollow cylinder where two ends are
packed.
One with course tuning and another with fine
tuning.
The gap between two packs will either create
pressure or vacuum.
Amount of pressure created is measured by
digital pressure calibrator.
This pump can be operated within the range
of (-1 to 2 ) bar. The pressure is transferred
through pneumatic pipes and corresponding
connections.
Two pipes at two junctions are connected
one with master calibrator and other with
UUC gauge. And equal amount of
pressure/vacuum is transferred on both ends.

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TYPES OF PRESSURE GAUGES…

Analog Gauge

It has a bourdon tube which expands Some analog gauges are filled with glycerin.
and contracts as pressure is applied. And So that the inner mechanism would not
that is connected with a pointer through
stuck. And the working life of gauge will
gear mechanism. The movement of tube
increase.
is directly proportional to movement of
pointer.
Risk of sudden jerks will reduce by glycerin.

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Digital Pressure Gauge

•Devices that use mechanical deflection include an elastic or flexible

element such as a diaphragm that responds to changes in pressure.

It consist of flexible diaphragm made of

materials such as brass or bronze. The pointer is
attached to the diaphragm. The force of pressure
against the effective area of diaphragm causes a
deflection of the diaphragm.

And the program will convert the deflection of

diaphragm into the pressure and that will appear
on the display.

Multiple units are programmed and displayed.

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 Bellow type pressure gauge

Here bourdon tube is absent.

Bellow is a hollow plate attached like one on another.
The movement of pointer is due to expansion or compression of the bellow.
One side of bellow is fixed and another side is movable.
Here as the pressure(P) is applied, bellow gets expanded and the movable side
which is attached with the pointer will move the pointer respectively.
As the pressure is released bellow will come in the original shape and pointer at
zero position.

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PRESSURE TRANSMITTER (PT)…

Pressure Transmitter with electrical output.

PT have the output in mA.

The mechanism in PT is same as in digital
pressure gauge.
It has diaphragm and sensor inbuilt.
On the top, 4 plates are given.
2-Positive and 2-Negative.
Supply wires are attached on 1 ve+ and 1
ve- plates.

Applied voltage is 230V.

PT either comes in BSP/NTP threads.

The range or error are set by pressure

calibrator.

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)…

Name of instrument: Pressure Gauge

Ref SOP: PRISM/CAL/SOP/PG/01
Steps of SOP:
1. Filled the hydraulic pump with oil/water.
2. Mount master and UUC on their places.
3. Note down the starting/middle/end temp. during calibration .
4. Priming should be done to remove the air bubbles in pump.
5. Tight the reservoir tank after priming.
6. Preloading should be done at FS for 2mins. The time between two preloading
should be 30 secs.
7. Raise the pressure using handle of pump at required amount.
8. Bourdon tube pressure gauge are slightly tapped so that the pointer should
not stuck in between.
9. Readings are taken at 9 points uniformly distributed over the range.
10. After readings are taken the pressure is released till the pointer reaches to
zero.
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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)…

Name of instrument:Vacuum Gauge

Ref SOP: PRISM/CAL/SOP/VG/02
Steps of SOP:
1. Take the pneumatic hand pump for vacuum gauge.
2. Mount master and UUC on their places.
3. Note down the starting/middle/end temp. during calibration .
4. Priming should be done to remove dust particles in pump.
5. Tight the fine tuner and close the valve of the pump to stop air leakage.
6. Preloading should be done at FS for 2mins. The time between two preloading
should be 30 secs.
7. Raise the vacuum by squeezing the handle of pump.
8. Bourdon tube pressure gauge are slightly tapped so that the pointer should not
stuck in between.
9. Readings are taken at 9 points uniformly distributed over the range.
10. After readings are taken the vacuum side pressure is released till the pointer
reaches to zero.
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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)…

Name of instrument:Vacuum Transmitter

Ref SOP: PRISM/CAL/SOP/VTT/03
Steps of SOP:
1. Take the pneumatic hand pump or screw pump for vacuum transmitter.
2. Mount master and UUC on their places.
3. Note down the starting/middle/end temp. during calibration .
4. Priming should be done to remove dust particles in pump.
5. Tight the fine tuner and close the valve of the pump to stop air leakage.
6. Supply 24V/5V to vtt and the output of ptt is 4-20mA. Connect the readout
(multimeter) with vtt to read the mA on applying vacuum pressure.
7. Raise the vacuum by squeezing the handle of pump.
8. Readings are taken at 9 points uniformly distributed over the range.
9. After readings are taken the vacuum side pressure is released till the pointer
reaches to zero.

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)…

Name of instrument: Pressure Transmitter

Ref SOP: PRISM/CAL/SOP/PTT/04
Steps of SOP:
1. Filled the hydraulic pump with oil/water.
2. Mount master and UUC on their places.
3. Note down the starting/middle/end temp. during calibration .
4. Priming should be done to remove the air bubbles in pump.
5. Tight the reservoir tank after priming.
6. Supply 24V/5V to ptt and the output of ptt is 4-20mA. Connect the readout
with ptt to read the mA on applying pressure.
7. Raise the pressure using handle of pump at required amount.
8. Readings are taken at 9 points uniformly distributed over the range.
9. After readings are taken the pressure is released till the pointer reaches to
zero.

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)…

Name of instrument: Manometer

Ref SOP: PRISM/CAL/SOP/PG/01
Steps of SOP:
1. Initially adjust the oil level to Zero (0).
2. If required, fill the required amount of oil in manometer.
3. Keep the manometer on perfectly horizontal plane.
4. Connect the connections of pipe on both the ends of manometer.
5. Note down the starting/middle/end temp. during calibration .
6. Connect pressure calibrator PRISM/PRE/PRC-200/106 on pressure side with
one end of screw pump.
7. Raise the pressure by rotating handle in clockwise direction.
8. Readings are taken at 5 points uniformly distributed over the full range.
9. After taking the readings release the applied pressure till oil level reaches to
zero point.

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DO AND DON’T IN PRESSURE CALIBRATION…

The following steps should be taken for pressure-measuring instruments:

1. Liquid-filled manometers must be leveled, the liquid and the chambers must
be kept at a reasonably constant temperature, and errors must not be
introduced in the connecting pipes.
2. Owing to the very large variation in design and construction of instrument
it is always necessary to consult the manufacturer's recommendations for
installation, servicing and maintenance.
3. All pressure gauges should be mounted correctly, protected from
heat, corrosion, and vibration.
4. The zero of the instrument should be checked daily, or weekly, depending
upon the vibration found, and it should be corrected if this is found
necessary.
5. If the instrument contains mercury, the mercury chamber should be
checked every six months and the mercury should be cleaned or replaced
if necessary.

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SAFETY DURING CALIBRATION…

1. Do not apply more than 10% over full range of pressure.

2. Connect proper NTP/BSP threads.
3. Use 2 spanners for mounting and removing instrument.
4. Do not tight or loose connections of pressure gauge during
calibration.
5. Due to some instruments have glycerin or oil, wear hand gloves
during calibration of such instrument.
6. Clean master and UUC to read the scale easily.
7. Check the leakage in the pressure gauge during calibration.

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 DEUTSCHER KALIBRIERDIENST (DKD R-6-1)
The DKD comprises calibration laboratories in industrial enterprises, research
institutes, technical authorities, inspection and testing institutes. They are
accredited and supervised by the DKD. They calibrate measuring instruments and
material measures for measurands and measurement ranges specified within the
scope of accreditation.The DKD calibration certificates
issued by these laboratories prove traceability to national standards as required in
the ISO 9000 family and ISO/IEC 17025.

It applies to Bourdon tube pressure gauges, electrical pressure gauges and pressure
transmitters with electrical output for absolute pressure, differential pressure and
over pressure with negative and positive values.

The calibration is to be performed at an ambient temperature stable to within ±1

K; this temperature must lie between 18°C and 28°C and is to be recorded.

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The comparison between the measurement values for calibration item and reference
or working standard can be performed by two different methods:

Adjustment of the pressure according to the indication of the calibration item.

Adjustment of the pressure according to the indication of the standard.
The time for preloading at the highest value and the time between two preloadings
should be at least 30 seconds.

After preloading and after steady-state conditions have been reached and the
calibration item permitting, the indication of the calibration item is set to zero. The
zero reading is carried out immediately afterwards. For the pressure step variation in
a measurement series, the time between two successive load steps should be the
same and not be shorter than 30 seconds and the reading should be made 30 seconds
after the start of the pressure change at the earliest.

Especially Bourdon tube pressure gauges have to be slightly tapped to minimize any
frictional effect of the pointer system. The measurement value for the upper limit of
the calibration range is to be recorded prior to and after the waiting time. The zero
reading at the end of a measurement series is made 30 seconds after complete relief
at the earliest.

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CALIBRATIO Measurement Number of Load Waiting Measurement
No. of
N uncertainty measurement change + time at series
preloading
SEQUENCE aimed points time upper limit Up Down

A <0,1 9 3 >30 2 2 2

B 0,1…0,6 9 2 >30 2 2 1

C >0,6 5 1 >30 2 1 1

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 NABL SCOPE
• Pressure: 0 to 700 bar
• Vacuum: -0.9 to 0 bar

Instruments cover:
Pressure Gauge Vacuum Gauge Pressure Transmitter Vacuum Transmitter
Pressure Switch Manometer Compound Gauge Magnahelic Gauge

• Master Gauges used for calibration of Pressure gauge

1. Digital Pressure Gauge: 0-700 bar

2. Digital Pressure Gauge: 0-400 bar
3. Digital Pressure Gauge: -1 to 35 bar
4. Digital Pressure Gauge: 0-60 bar
5. Digital Pressure Gauge: 0-200 bar

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THANK-YOU

PRISM CALIBRATION CENTER