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Submitted by
Group 8
Contents
Introduction
Components
Circuit schematic
Description on components
Circuit working
Advantages
Application
Introduction
The circuit of Knock alarm uses a thin piezoelectric plate, senses the
vibration generated on knocking a surface (such as a door or a table) to
activate the alarm and can also be used to safeguard motor vehicles. The
piezoelectric plate is used as the sensor. Piezoelectric material is used to
convert any mechanical vibration into electrical variation, it avoids false tri
ggering. When someone knocks on the door, the piezoelectric sensor
generates an electrical signal, which is amplified by transistors. The
amplified signal is rectified and filtered to produce a low-level DC voltage,
which is further amplified by the remaining transistors. The final output
from the collector of PNP transistor. Whenever the collector of transistor
T6 goes high, the astable multi vibrator activates to sound an alarm
through the speaker. When the circuit receives an 10 seconds. The
plate can be fixed on a door, cash box, cupboard, etc. using adhesive. A 1-
1.5m long, shielded wire is connected between the sensor plate and the
input of the circuit. A led is placed at the output. The circuit operates off a
9V.
Components
Serial Number Component Specification Reference
Description
01 Resistor 680E R1
02 Resistor 120E R2
03 Resistor 220K R3
04 Resistor 22K R4
05 Resistor 1K R5, R8
06 Resistor 2K7 R6
07 Resistor 100K R7
08 Resistor 4K7 R9, R12
09 Resistor 10K R10
10 Resistor 270K R11
11 Resistor 1M R13
12 Capacitor 22/25v C1
13 Capacitor .1KPF(104) C2, C5
100KPF
14 Capacitor 100/25V C3, C4
15 Capacitor .001(102) 1KPF C6
16 Diode IN4148 D1, D2
17 LED 5mm Red LD1
18 Transistor BC557B Q1
19 Transistor BC547B Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5
20 Transistor BC549 Q6
21 Buzzer VK27CT Buzzer
22 Sensor 35mm 2 C/O Piezo
23 Supply 9v Battery Supply
24 PCB VK 560 PCB PCB
Circuit schematic
Component description
Resistor:-
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate
many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in
power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have
resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a
lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.
Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores potential energy in
an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some capacitance
exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a
component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally known as
a condenser.
When two conductors experience a potential difference, for example, when a capacitor is
attached across a battery, an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing a net
positive charge to collect on one plate and net negative charge to collect on the other plate. No
current flows through the dielectric, however, there is a flow of charge through the source
circuit. If the condition is maintained sufficiently long, the current through the source circuit
ceases. However, if a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, the
source experiences an ongoing current due to the charging and discharging cycles of the
capacitor.
Piezo Electric Sensor
Features
Low current (Max. 100mA)
Low voltage (Max.65V)
Application:
General purpose switching and amplification
Description:
PNP transistor in a TO-92; SOT54 plastic package.
NPN complements BC546 and BC547
1 3
2
3
2
1
MAM281
and symbol.
BC546:
Features:
Low current (max. 100mA)
Low voltage (Max. 65V)
Application:
General Purpose and switching amplification
Description:
NPN transistor in a TO-92; STO54 plastic package. PNP complements: BC556 & BC557
handbook, halfpage 1 3
2
1
MAM182
Piezo buzzer is an electronic device commonly used to produce sound. Light weight,
simple construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck
reversing indicator, computers, call bells etc.
Piezo buzzer is based on the inverse principle of piezo electricity discovered in 1880 by
Jacques and Pierre Curie.
It is the phenomena of generating electricity when mechanical pressure is applied to
certain materials and the vice versa is also true. Such materials are called piezo electric
materials. Piezo electric materials are either naturally available or manmade.
Piezoceramic is class of manmade material, which poses piezo electric effect and is
widely used to make disc, the heart of piezo buzzer. When subjected to an alternating
electric field they stretch or compress, in accordance with the frequency of the signal
thereby producing sound. a very commonly used piezo buzzer also called piezo
transducer operating at DC voltage. Encapsulated in a cylindrical plastic coating, it has
a hole on the top face for sound to propagate. A yellow metallic disc which plays an
important role in the producing sound can be seen through the hole.
Working of the circuit
This circuit used in conjunction with a thin piezoelectric plate. Sense the vibration generated on
knocking a surface (such as door or a table) to activate the alarm it uses radially available, low-cost
components and can also be used safeguard motor vehicles. Piezoelectric plate is used as the sensor.
It is the ordinary piezo buzzers is available in the market.
The piezoelectric plate any mechanical vibration into electrical variation. As it does not sense
Sound from distance like microphone. It avoids false triggering. The plate can be fixed on the
Door/table, cash box, cupboard etc. using adhesive. A 1,5m long shielded wire is connected
between the sensor plate and the input of the circuit .
When someone knocks on table, the piezoelectric sensor generates a electric signal, which is
amplified transistor through the amplified signal is rectified and filtered to produce low level dc
voltage which is further amplified by remaining transistors. The final output from the Collector of
the P-N-P transistor is to reset. When the collector of the transistor goes high, the it activates to the
sound of the alarm through the buzzer. When the circuit receives input signal due to knocking the
alarm gets activated for about 10 seconds. This is the time that’s capacitor is connected between the
emitter of the transistor and ground takes to discharge after a knock, this time delay can be changed
by changing the values of capacitor c1 after about 10seconds the alarm is automatically reset. This
circuits operated if a 9v battery eliminator. The proposed to install knock alarm is cost around 75-
150 Rs.
Advantages
•Simple circuitry.
• Cheap in cost
• Highly reliable
• Piezo electric sensor used in the circuitry can handle high temperature of the order 80°C.
•Easily operated.
Thanking you