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VIBRATION ACTIVATED ALARM

Submitted by
Group 8
Contents

 Introduction
 Components
 Circuit schematic
 Description on components
 Circuit working
 Advantages
 Application
Introduction
The circuit of Knock alarm uses a thin piezoelectric plate, senses the
vibration generated on knocking a surface (such as a door or a table) to
activate the alarm and can also be used to safeguard motor vehicles. The
piezoelectric plate is used as the sensor. Piezoelectric material is used to
convert any mechanical vibration into electrical variation, it avoids false tri
ggering. When someone knocks on the door, the piezoelectric sensor
generates an electrical signal, which is amplified by transistors. The
amplified signal is rectified and filtered to produce a low-level DC voltage,
which is further amplified by the remaining transistors. The final output
from the collector of PNP transistor. Whenever the collector of transistor
T6 goes high, the astable multi vibrator activates to sound an alarm
through the speaker. When the circuit receives an 10 seconds. The
plate can be fixed on a door, cash box, cupboard, etc. using adhesive. A 1-
1.5m long, shielded wire is connected between the sensor plate and the
input of the circuit. A led is placed at the output. The circuit operates off a
9V.
Components
Serial Number Component Specification Reference
Description
01 Resistor 680E R1
02 Resistor 120E R2
03 Resistor 220K R3
04 Resistor 22K R4
05 Resistor 1K R5, R8
06 Resistor 2K7 R6
07 Resistor 100K R7
08 Resistor 4K7 R9, R12
09 Resistor 10K R10
10 Resistor 270K R11
11 Resistor 1M R13
12 Capacitor 22/25v C1
13 Capacitor .1KPF(104) C2, C5
100KPF
14 Capacitor 100/25V C3, C4
15 Capacitor .001(102) 1KPF C6
16 Diode IN4148 D1, D2
17 LED 5mm Red LD1
18 Transistor BC557B Q1
19 Transistor BC547B Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5
20 Transistor BC549 Q6
21 Buzzer VK27CT Buzzer
22 Sensor 35mm 2 C/O Piezo
23 Supply 9v Battery Supply
24 PCB VK 560 PCB PCB
Circuit schematic
Component description

Resistor:-
 A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate
many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in
power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have
resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a
lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.
Capacitor
 A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores potential energy in
an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some capacitance
exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a
component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally known as
a condenser.
 When two conductors experience a potential difference, for example, when a capacitor is
attached across a battery, an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing a net
positive charge to collect on one plate and net negative charge to collect on the other plate. No
current flows through the dielectric, however, there is a flow of charge through the source
circuit. If the condition is maintained sufficiently long, the current through the source circuit
ceases. However, if a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, the
source experiences an ongoing current due to the charging and discharging cycles of the
capacitor.
Piezo Electric Sensor

 A sensor that utilizes the piezoelectric effect, to measure


changes in acceleration, strain, pressure, and force by
converting them into electrical charge is called as a
piezoelectric sensor. Piezo is a Greek word which means ‘press’
or ‘squeeze’. Piezoelectric effect causes the occurrence of
electric dipole moments in solids due to the pressure applied to
certain solid materials such as piezoelectric crystals, ceramics,
bone, DNA, and some proteins that generates electric charge.
This generated piezoelectricity is proportional to the pressure
applied to the solid piezoelectric crystal materials. In this
article, we will discuss about one of the most frequently used
piezoelectric sensor applications, that is, piezo sensor switch.
These piezoelectric sensor switches are weatherproof as they
are completely sealed from the environment. As, stainless steel
is used for construction of piezo sensor switches, they can
withstand the damage and are resistant to heavy use.
Piezo Knock Sensor Switch Circuit Working:-
 Piezo knock sensor generates voltage proportional to the
amount of stress, such as vibration or knock applied to
piezoelectric crystal. It is used to detect knocks and hence it
is also called as a piezo knock sensor.
 The piezoelectric sensor switch is an alternative for impact
or vibration detection and momentary switch
applications. Strain is induced on the laminated piezo film
sensor element due to the direct contact of the force
applied to the stainless-steel cantilever beam. Piezoelectric
sensor element will generate an output that activates a
normally opened, built-in circuit. If a circuit is activated,
then it resembles a contact switch closure and due to
corrosion, bouncing and pitting the contact points exhibits
 Pressure is applied to the surface of the piezoelectric sensor
switch that deflects about 2microns and this applied
pressure is converted into an electrical signal by the
piezoelectric crystal. This electrical signal generated by the
piezoelectric sensor material is given to the electronics
embedded in the piezoelectric sensor switch housing for
amplification.
Diode
 A diode is a device which only allows unidirectional flow
of current if operated within a rated specified voltage
level. A diode only blocks current in the reverse
direction while the reverse voltage is within a limited
range otherwise reverse barrier breaks and the voltage
at which this breakdown occurs is called reverse
breakdown voltage. The diode acts as a valve in the
electronic and electrical circuit. A P-N junction is the
simplest form of the diode which behaves as ideally
short circuit when it is in forward biased and behaves as
ideally open circuit when it is in the reverse biased.
Beside simple PN junction diodes, there are different
types of diodes although the fundamental principles are
same. So, arrangement of diodes can convert AC to
pulsating DC, and hence, it is sometimes also called as a
rectifier.
Transistor
 A transistor is a semiconductor device that exhibits all the properties of a switch, allowing or
blocking the flow of electrons. It has three terminals, one for input, one for output and one
for controlling switching. It is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices
and is commonly found in circuit boards as discrete parts or embedded into integrated
circuits.
 The transistor is composed of a semi conductive material, usually silicon, and at least three
terminals for connecting to the external circuit. It was invented in 1947 by William Shockley,
Walter Brattain and John Bardeen, who were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for
catapulting technological development.
 Their achievement is responsible for such modern appliances as wide screen TVs,
smartphones, tablets and other electronic computing devices. The most basic function of a
transistor is as an electronic switch, which allows electrons to flow from its collector side out
through the emitter side. The base or middle of the transistor acts as the real switch control
electrode through which electron stimulation rapidly changes the material from an insulator
to conductive state, thereby allowing the flow of electricity. Transistors are created through
a chemical process known as doping, where the semi conductive material either gains an
extra negative charge (N-type) or extra positive charge (P-type). There are two
configurations for this, either PNP or NPN with the middle material acting as the base or flow
control. A very small change in the current or voltage in the middle base layer results in a
large amount of electricity flowing through the whole component. In this aspect, it can be
used as an amplifier.
BJTs have three terminals, corresponding to the three layers of semiconductor—an emitter,
a base, and a collector. They are useful in amplifiers because the currents at the emitter and
collector are controllable by a relatively small base current. In an n–p–n transistor operating
in the active region, the emitter–base junction is forward biased
(electrons and holes recombine at the junction), and electrons are injected into the base
region. Because the base is narrow, most of these electrons will diffuse into the reverse-
biased (electrons and holes are formed at and move away from the junction) base–collector
junction and be swept into the collector; perhaps one-hundredth of the electrons will
recombine in the base, which is the dominant mechanism in the base current. By controlling
the number of electrons that can leave the base, the number of electrons entering the
collector can be controlled. Collector current is approximately β (common-emitter current
gain) times the base current. It is typically greater than 100 for small-signal transistors but
can be smaller in transistors designed for high-power applications.
BC 557B

Features
 Low current (Max. 100mA)
 Low voltage (Max.65V)

Application:
 General purpose switching and amplification

Description:
PNP transistor in a TO-92; SOT54 plastic package.
NPN complements BC546 and BC547

1 3

2
3
2

1
MAM281

Simplified outline (TO-92; SOT54)

and symbol.
BC546:
Features:
 Low current (max. 100mA)
 Low voltage (Max. 65V)
Application:
 General Purpose and switching amplification
Description:
NPN transistor in a TO-92; STO54 plastic package. PNP complements: BC556 & BC557

handbook, halfpage 1 3
2

1
MAM182

.1 Simplified outline (TO-92; SOT54)


BC549:
Features:
 Low Current (Max. 100mA)
 Low voltage (Max. 45V)
Application:
 Low noise stages in audio frequency equipment
Description:
NPN transistor in a TO-92; SOT54 plastic package
PNP complements: BC559
Buzzer

Piezo buzzer is an electronic device commonly used to produce sound. Light weight,
simple construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck
reversing indicator, computers, call bells etc.
Piezo buzzer is based on the inverse principle of piezo electricity discovered in 1880 by
Jacques and Pierre Curie.
It is the phenomena of generating electricity when mechanical pressure is applied to
certain materials and the vice versa is also true. Such materials are called piezo electric
materials. Piezo electric materials are either naturally available or manmade.
Piezoceramic is class of manmade material, which poses piezo electric effect and is
widely used to make disc, the heart of piezo buzzer. When subjected to an alternating
electric field they stretch or compress, in accordance with the frequency of the signal
thereby producing sound. a very commonly used piezo buzzer also called piezo
transducer operating at DC voltage. Encapsulated in a cylindrical plastic coating, it has
a hole on the top face for sound to propagate. A yellow metallic disc which plays an
important role in the producing sound can be seen through the hole.
Working of the circuit
 This circuit used in conjunction with a thin piezoelectric plate. Sense the vibration generated on
knocking a surface (such as door or a table) to activate the alarm it uses radially available, low-cost
components and can also be used safeguard motor vehicles. Piezoelectric plate is used as the sensor.
It is the ordinary piezo buzzers is available in the market.

 The piezoelectric plate any mechanical vibration into electrical variation. As it does not sense
Sound from distance like microphone. It avoids false triggering. The plate can be fixed on the
Door/table, cash box, cupboard etc. using adhesive. A 1,5m long shielded wire is connected
between the sensor plate and the input of the circuit .

 When someone knocks on table, the piezoelectric sensor generates a electric signal, which is
amplified transistor through the amplified signal is rectified and filtered to produce low level dc
voltage which is further amplified by remaining transistors. The final output from the Collector of
the P-N-P transistor is to reset. When the collector of the transistor goes high, the it activates to the
sound of the alarm through the buzzer. When the circuit receives input signal due to knocking the
alarm gets activated for about 10 seconds. This is the time that’s capacitor is connected between the
emitter of the transistor and ground takes to discharge after a knock, this time delay can be changed
by changing the values of capacitor c1 after about 10seconds the alarm is automatically reset. This
circuits operated if a 9v battery eliminator. The proposed to install knock alarm is cost around 75-
150 Rs.
Advantages
•Simple circuitry.

• Cheap in cost

• Highly reliable

• No need of micro controllers.

• Can be operated under +9 Volts or +12Volts

• Piezo electric sensor used in the circuitry can handle high temperature of the order 80°C.

•Easily operated.

• It uses readily available, low-cost components.


Application
• Can be used as protective shield to the locker to avoid the robbery.

• Used as door bells.

• Can be used to safeguard motor vehicles

Thanking you

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