THE HOME OF NAVAL RESERVISTS IN THE NORTH

MILITARY SCIENCE 2

1
 CHAPTER
Chapter 15

Damage Control System

Watertight Integrity
Material Condition of Readiness
Firefighting
General Safety Precaution
Damage control system
 Damage control system

Damage Control – Procedure that

helps reduce the harmful effects
of impairment to the ship.

 Preserve the watertight

integrity of the ship.
 Make rapid repairs to
damage gear on structures.
 Maintain the stability and
maneuverability of the ship
 Damage control system
THE DIFFERENT DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

 Drainage and flooding system.

 Fire Main and Sprinkling system.

 Fuel and fresh water system.

 Damage control system
 Drainage and Flooding

Drainage used for:

a. Removing large quantity of water from
compartment
b. Removing water from the hull under
normal operating condition.

Flooding used for:

a. Flooding compartments to balance the
ship.
 Damage control system
THREE PRINCIPAL TYPES OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEM:
1. Main drainage system – High capacity and is
made up of piping and pumps that can move
large quantities of water in short time.
2. Secondary drainage system – Serves to drain
small compartment forward and aft of the time
drainage system.
3. Main condenser circulatory pumps – Can be
used for emergency drainage of the engine
room.
 Damage control system

 Fire Main System – made up of

piping , pumps, plugs, valves
and controls designed to supply
plenty of water for fighting.

 Fuel Fresh Water System –

Consists of tanks, filling lines
and feed lines. This is important
in damage control because the
list and trim of the ship can be
partially controlled by shifting
contents of the tanks.
Watertight integrity
 Watertight integrity

The progress of damage control depends

upon the proper utilization of watertight integrity
features of the ships. The ships is divided into
compartments and its purpose are:

1. Control flooding
2. Segregate activities of personnel
3. Provide underwater protection by means
of tanks and voids.
 Watertight integrity

The large combatant ships have an armored belt to

protect vital machine spaces. In some instances where an
increase in an armored belt would reduce speed or have an
adverse effect in the open of the ship as in aircraft carrier.
Compartmentation has been increased to compensate for
reduction of armor.

1. Bulkhead
– a traverse or longitudinal
partition that separate
the compartment.
 Watertight integrity

 Watertight bulkhead:
a. Heavier metal than ordinary bulkhead.
b. Some area unpierced except with
watertight door or piping and wiring.

 Collision Bulkhead:
a. Designed to protect flooding through the ship.
b. Bow collision bulkhead is the first transverse
bulkhead aft of the stern.
c. The last transverse bulkhead aft is the
collision bulkhead that protects the after part
of the ship.
 Watertight integrity
 Doors and Hatches:
Enclosures for bulkhead opening. They are
constructed such they will be as structurally strong as
the bulkhead where they are installed.
1. Watertight doors
a. Used in watertight bulkhead
on second deck and below.
b. Designed to resist 1 ½ times
as much pressure as the bulkhead
it services.
c. Has 6 to 12 dogs for securing.
 Watertight integrity
2. Non-watertight Doors
NON WATERTIGHT DOOR

a. Used on non-watertight
bulkheads.
b. Usually they have fewer
dogs than watertight doors and are
made of dogs which require
individual protection.

3. Hatches – are merely horizontal

doors which are used for access
through decks.
 Watertight integrity

 Closure Fitting And Gaskets:

1. Gasket
a. Made of rubber installed on
doors and hatches.
b. Close against knife edges to
form a water tight fitting and form air
and gas tight fitting.
c. Must be kept free of dirt and
grease.
 Watertight integrity

2. Knife edges
a. Built out from decks and
bulkheads.
b. Gasket on watertight doors
and hatches close on knife edges.
3. Dogs and Pins
a. Pins – are used to connect
dogs to the deck or bulkheads.
b. Dogs – are used to make
closure.
Material condition of
readiness
 Material condition of
readiness

Material Condition of
Readiness – refers to the
degree of access and
systems of closure to
limit the extent of
damage.
 Material condition of
readiness
Condition X-Ray – Set when
x
enemy is improbable.
a. Provide less protection aboardship.
b. Set when no any danger attack from
enemy. x
c. X-Ray fittings close when not in use.
d. Set and maintained by division
responsible for the operation of the ship.
 Material condition of
readiness
 Condition Yoke – Set when enemy is probable.
Y
a. Provide more protection than
condition X-ray.
b. Set and maintained.
(1) When the ship is anchored in
unprotected port during wartime.
x
(2) At sea during wartime.
(3) Leaving/entering port during peacetime.
(4) At any other time during outside regular
working hours.
 Material condition of
readiness

Condition Yoke – Set when enemy is probable.

c. X-ray and Yoke are Y

fittings to be closed during

condition Yoke.
d. Set and maintain by
division responsible for
cleaning and maintaining the
space in which such
classification fitting are
located.
 Material condition of
readiness

Condition Zebra – Set when

enemy is eminent.
a. Provide the maximum degree
of watertight integrity.
b. Set and maintain.
(1) Before going to or
entering port during wartime.
(2) Without further order
when manning GQ station.
 Material condition of
readiness
MODIFIED MARKINGS CLOSURES,
VALVE AND FITTINGS
Circle X-Ray – black X in a black circle.
Secured during condition X-Ray,
Yoke and Zebra.
Circle Yoke – Black Y in a black circle.
Secured during condition Yoke and Zebra.
a. Circle X and Circle Yoke maybe
open without special authority when:
(1) Going to a securing from GQ
station.
(2) Transferring of ammo.
 Material condition of
readiness
MODIFIED MARKINGS CLOSURES,
VALVE AND FITTINGS
b. Applies to special fittings that gives access
to:
(1) Battle station
(2) Access in transferring ammo
(3) Operating vital system
 Material condition of
readiness

 Circle Zebra – Red Z within red circle.

a. Secured during condition Zebra.
b. May be open during prolonged period of
GQ which is authorized by the CO only.
 Material condition of
readiness
 Dog Zebra – Red Z within a black D.
a. Secured during condition Z and darken ship
condition.
b. Applies to weather deck access not equipped
with darken ship switch or light traps.
 Material condition of
readiness
 William – Black W
a. Special classification which is kept open
during all material condition.
b. Vital valve if secured would impair the
mobility and fire protection of the ship.
c. Applies to vital sea suction valve supplying
main and auxiliary condenser in fire flushing
valve.
 Material condition of
readiness

 Circle William – Black W within a black

circle.
a. Open as William but secured and is used for
defense against NBC attack.
b. Applies to ventilation fittings.
firefighting
 Fire tetrahedron
Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible
material (FUEL), in combination with a sufficient
quantity of an oxidizer (OXYGEN), is exposed to a
source of HEAT or ambient temperature above
the flash point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is able to
sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces
a CHAIN REACTION. This is commonly called the FIRE
TETRAHEDRON. Fire cannot exist without all of these
elements in place and in the right proportions. For
example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if
the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions.

Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place

whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the
further release of heat energy in the process of
combustion and may propagate, provided there is a
continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel.
 firefighting
Classification of fire and remedy:

1. Class A - Involves common combustible

materials like papers, woods, ropes, canvass etc.
Best remedy is solid stream or water spray.
2. Class B - Involving flammable liquids and
gases.
Examples:
Kerosene, LPG, Gasoline etc. Best remedy
is water fog, Foam forming fire extinguisher.
Last resort is steam.
 firefighting

3. Class C - Involved energized

electrical equipment. First choice is CO2.
Last resort is water fog. But is harmful to
equipment and dangerous to personnel.
4. Class D - Involves combustible
metal such as thermite, sodium and
magnesium.
a. Thermite fire - has no known
extinguishing agent. Flooding the
surrounding may help
b. Magnesium fire - CO2 has no
effect. Water fog is effective.
c. Sodium Fire - Use dry chemical.
 firefighting

Everyone on aboardship have another big

job - to work aside from their primary duties. This
big job is to look out constantly for the safety of
the ship and crew. When the ship puts out on a
mission, all hands must do everything they can to:
 Keep the ship afloat
 Keep the ship underway
 Keep the guns firing or ready to fire
 Protect the lives of the crew
 firefighting

Causes of damage to a ship is divided into:

 Fire
 Collision
 Enemy Action
 Grounding
 Weather

Fire - Is a chemical reaction between three

elements such as oxygen, fuel and heat.
 firefighting
FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT:
Firefighting equipment are classified into:
1. Portable - can be carried to the scene of
fire. Contained in a cylindrical bottle.
2. Installed - are permanently or semi-
permanently fitted on a ship and include the
following:
a. Fire Main System
b. All-purpose fire nozzles and
applicators.
c. Foam equipment
d. Fog sprays
e. CO2 Rail system
f. Mechanical Foam Equipment
 firefighting

SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

The Navy believes in protecting its fire
fighter. This protection includes the use of the
following:
1. Oxygen Breathing apparatus (OBA)
2. Asbestos Suits
3. Hose (Air line) Mask
4. Life line
General safety precaution

safety precaution
 General safety precaution

You cannot win against fire.

You can fight it, and you can hold
down its damage. But some property
will be destroyed and all too often men
will be injured and even killed. Time
is always lost, productive work is
interrupted and additional efforts and
materials are required to make repairs
and to clean up the mess. The best
thing therefore is to prevent fire from
starting.
 General safety precaution
1. Three (3) general rules to good fire
prevention:
a. Keep things clean. Shipshape and in their
right places.
b. Keep flammable materials (gasoline, oily
rags, paints, etc) away from fire starting things
(torches, cigarettes, sparking equipment, heated
areas). Do not take open flames near gasoline tank.
Do not bring cleaning fluid near torch.
c. Keep the correct fire fighting equipment in
the right places and in good condition.
 General safety precaution

2. Fuel oil – Fuel oil itself is non-

explosive and very difficult to
ignite, and is normally incapable
of spontaneous combustion. Fuel
oil vapor however is heavier than
air and it will accumulate in
bulges and bottoms of tanks
where it remains undiscovered
until ignited by a naked light or
spark.
 General safety precaution

3. Static Electricity:

Static Electricity is
produced when gasoline or
similar flammable liquids flow
through hose, poured from one
receptacle to another passed thru
a filter or even splashed around a
can. Enough static electricity can
accumulate to cause a spark
which can result in fire and
explosion.
 General safety precaution
4. Electrical Equipment:

The following requirements are

particularly not applicable where work
with electricity is being carried on.
a. Gasoline and similar flammable
cleaning fluids are not used on either
energized or de-energized electrical
apparatus.
b. Alcohol is not used for cleaning
equipment. It damages most types of
insulating varnishes.
 General safety precaution

d. Oil, grease, carbon

dust, etc can be ignited by
electrical spark. Machinery
is to be kept absolutely
clean and free of all such
deposit.
 General safety precaution

End of presentation