Determinants

2 x 2 and 3 x 3 Matrices
 Note that Matrix is the
Matrices singular form, matrices is
the plural form!

A matrix is an array of
numbers that are 1 3
arranged in rows and
columns. -½ 0
A matrix is “square” if
it has the same
number of rows as -3 8 ¼
columns.
We will consider only 2 0 -¾
2x2 and 3x3 square
matrices 4 180 11
 Note the difference in the
matrix and the
Determinants determinant of the matrix!

1 3
Every square matrix
has a determinant. -½ 0
The determinant of a
matrix is a number.
We will consider the -3 8 ¼
determinants only of
2x2 and 3x3 matrices. 2 0 -¾

4 180 11
Determinant of a 2x2 matrix

1 3

 1 0   3  1 2   3 2
-½ 0
 Determinant of a 3x3 matrix
Imagine crossing out the first row. Now take the double-crossed element. . .
And the first column. And multiply it by the determinant of the
remaining 2x2 matrix

-3 8 ¼

2 0 -¾ 
 3  0 11
  3  4 180
4 180 11
 Determinant of a 3x3 matrix
Now keep the first row crossed.
Cross out the second column.
-3 8 ¼
•Now take the negative of the double-
crossed element.
•And multiply it by the determinant of the
remaining 2x2 matrix.
•Add it to the previous result.

2 0 -¾  
 3  0 11   3 4 180  8  211    3 4   4 

4 180 11
 Determinant of a 3x3 matrix
Finally, cross out first
row and last column.
•Now take the double-crossed element.
•Multiply it by the determinant of the
remaining 2x2 matrix.
•Then add it to the previous piece.

-3 8 ¼

2 0 -¾   4  180  8  211    3 4   4 
 3  0 11   3

  1    2180   0 4    695

4
4 180 11