By: Group 8

John Rex M
Micaella A.
Emily N.
 Fire
or combustion is a
chemical reaction between
oxygen and a combustible
fluid.
 Combustion is the process by
which fire converts fuel and
oxygen into energy, usually
in the form of heat. The
ignition point or combustion
point is the temperature at
which a given fuel can burst
into flame.
 Carbon is found in almost
every flammable substance.
When a substance burns, the
carbon is released and then
combines with oxygen that
must be present to form either
carbon dioxide or carbon
monoxide.
 Carbon monoxide, a colorless,
odorless, deadly gas, is the
result of incomplete
combustion of a fuel. It is
produced when there is
insufficient oxygen to burn
the fuel completely.
Carbon dioxide is produced
when there is more oxygen
than the fire needs. It is not
toxic, but can be produced in
such volumes that it seriously
reduces the concentration of
oxygen in the air surrounding
the fire site.
Fire is a chain reaction. For combustion to continue, there must
be a constant source of fuel, oxygen, and heat
1. Conduction is direct thermal
energy transfer. Metals are very
good conductors of heat.
Concrete is a poor conductor
and hence a good insulator.
2. Convection is heat transfer
through the movement of hot
gases. Convection determines
the general direction of the
spread of a fire
3. Radiation is electromagnetic
wave transfer of heat to a solid.
A fire in one oil tank can spread
to nearby tanks through
radiated heat, raising the
temperature and pressure of
the other tank contents. Sun’s
radiation of heat.
Electrical lines and equipment can
cause fires either by a short circuit
that provides an ignition spark, by
arcs, or by resistances generating a
heat buildup. Electrical switches and
relays commonly arc as a contact is
made or broken
 Another source of ignition is heat in the
form of hot surfaces. It is easy to see the
flame hazard present when cooking oil is
poured on a very hot grill. Space heaters
frequently have hot sides. Many types of
electric lighting generate heat which is
transferred to the lamp housing. Engines
produce heat especially in their exhaust
systems. Compressors produce heat
through friction, which is transferred to
their housing. Heated surfaces area
potential source of fire.