Project ON cash register prototype hardware design USING

Arduino atmeg2560 microcontroller

BY:
TARIKU MANTAFO

MILLION TESHOME

DEMELASH BEHRU
 Cash register is:
 an electronic device used to calculate financial transactions.

 records the amount of a sale, supplies a receipt to the customer.

 a business machine that indicates the amounts of individual sales.

 Is a machine in a shop, pup, or restaurant .

 is used to add up and record how much money people pay.

 Types of cash register
There are three types of cash register those are
Electronic cash register
Square iPad cash register
Computer cash register
Electronic cash register selected by the following criteria
You need the proper equipment in order to securely
efficiently process sales transactions.
Smooth transactions translate to better customer service
 the potential for repeat customers
great word of mouth about your store.
automated transactions.
 Selecting good models of cash register
By the following criteria we are selects FRM-04 model of cash
register
customer needs
Cost effectiveness
Performance
Efficiency
Block diagram of cash register

switch

Fig.1 Block Diagram of Cash Register

 Components of cash register
Regulated power supply
Keypad
Led
LCD
Casher display Lcd
Thermal printer
On/off switch
RS232 serial communication
Buzzer
Arduino Atmega2560
 Arduino Atmega
• This is the body and the brain of our project. We use Arduino to receive
signals, interpret them and control all the components in our project.
• Arduino is a tool for making smart devices that can sense and control.
• The physical world Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping
platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software.
• Arduino microcontroller is programmed using: Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring—C libraries) Arduino development
environment (based on Processing), Arduino integrated development
environment (IDE
Regulated power supply

Can convert unregulated an Ac to a constant DC.

 Used to ensure that the output remains constant even if the
input changes.
 Also called as a linear power supply
 It is an embedded circuit and consists of various blocks.
 Switch

• A simple on-off switch (SPST) Single Pole, Single Throw

• This type can be used to switch the power supply to a circuit.
 Keypad
a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad"
which bear digits, symbols or alphabetical letters.
Pads mostly containing numbers are called a numeric keypad.
simple push switches can be used to get user input
 Printer
 an external hardware device responsible for taking computer data
and generating a hard copy of that data.
 One of the most commonly used peripheral and they print text and
still images on the paper
Impact printer
 Mechanism that touches the paper to create text.
 Printer head containing metals pins that strike an inked ribbon place between printer head
and the paper.
 High noise, low speed and low cost
Non-Impact printer
 Create text on the printer medium without the use of force.
 Mach quitter than impact printer as they don’t strike the paper.
 Low noise, high speed and high cost when compere with impact
Advantage of Thermal Printer
 Excellent, crisp print quality
 High reliability
 Quiet operation
 Easy handling -- no ink/ribbon
 High speed printing
 Lower maintenance costs
 Compact mechanism
 Lower operating costs
 Printing Methods of Thermal
Printer
Direct Printing on Thermal Paper
A pulse of current is applied to one or more of the heating elements
to cause rapid heating of the resistors
The heat sensitive paper contains a coating of dye forming chemicals
held within a binder material.
 Thermal Transfer Printing
 sufficient heat must be generated within the print head, typically on
the order of several joules/cm2, to allow the solid ink to become
sufficiently molten to permit substantial flow of the ink.
 mechanical loading of the head against the paper influences the
rheological conditions governing the manner in which ink bonds
into the surface of the paper.
 details of the peeling of the ribbon from the paper affect the extent
to which ink is cleanly removed from the parting ribbon
 Resistive Ribbon Thermal Transfer
Printing
 The major part of the ribbon consists of a layer of polycarbonate
polymer (resistive layer) containing about 28% carbon black.
 An aluminum film is vacuum deposited upon the polycarbonate layer
to form an electrical ground layer.
 An ink layer is then coated upon the aluminum film using a solvent
deposition process.
 LED
 Is called light-emitting diode
 Is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it.
 Benefits of LEDs is Low power requirement, High efficiency, Long
life.
 applications off led used for Indicator lights: These can be two-
state (i.e., on/off)
 LCD
 LCD stands for liquid crystal display
 It is actually a combination of two states of matter –
the solid and the liquid.
 16x2 Alphanumeric LCD Display
 DHT22
 The DHT-22 (also named as AM2302) is a digital-output,
relative humidity, and temperature sensor.
 It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to
measure the surrounding air, and sends a digital signal on
the data pin.
 Power: 3-5V
 Max Current: 2.5mA
 Humidity: 0-100%, 2-5% accuracy
 Temperature: -40 to 80°C, ±0.5°C accuracy
 Buzzer
o Change electrical current to sound
o A buzzer is a mechanical, electromechanical, magnetic,
electromagnetic, electro-acoustic or piezoelectric audio
signaling device.
o A piezo electric buzzer can be driven by an oscillating
electronic circuit or other audio signal source.
 RS-232C serial communication
• is serial input/output.
• it allows us to send/receive any data we need from our microcontroller
to a computer's serial port. These two devices are compatible from a
software perspective,

RS-232C Atmeg
computer Serial RS-232 level MAX-232 IC TTL level microcontrol
communication ler
The male sockets are used on the DTE (Data Terminal Equipment ) or PC side.
The female sockets are on the DCE (Data Communication Equipment ) or
microcontroller side .
pins RS-232 function purpose

3 Transmit data(TD) Carries data from DTE to DCE

2 Receive data(RD) Carries data from DCE to DTE

7 Request to send(RTS) DTE requests DCE to prepare to receive

data

8 Clear to send(CTS) Indicates DCE is ready accept data

6 DCE ready(DSR) DCE is ready to receive commands or data

1 Received Line Detector(DCD) DCE is connected to the line

4 DTE ready(DTR) Indicates presence of DTE to DCE

9 Ring indicator(RI) DCE has detected and incoming ring signal

on the line

5 GND Signal ground

 Most microcontrollers these days have built in UARTs (universally asynchronous
receiver/transmitter) that can be used to receive and transmit data serially.
 This method of serial communication is sometimes referred to as TTL serial
(transistor-transistor logic).
 Serial communication at a TTL level will always remain between the limits of 0V and
Vcc, which is often 5V or 3.3V. A logic high ('1') is represented by Vcc, while a logic
low ('0') is 0V.
 RS-232 signals are similar to your microcontroller's serial signals in that they transmit
one bit at a time, at a specific baud rate
 both a TTL and RS-232 signal sending binary data between two devices
 the problem lies in interfacing these two signals.
 To connect these two ports you not only have to invert the signals, but you also have
to deal with regulating the potentially harmful RS-232 voltages to something that
won't destroy a microcontroller's serial pins.
 There are a handful of solutions to this problem of voltage converting and
our RS-232 Shifter, use transistors or inverters to flip the signals,
and charge pumps to get the voltages high enough to be RS-232
compliant: