SAMPLING

TECHNIQUES
TECHNICAL
TERMINOLOGIES
Element- an object on which a measurement is
taken

Population- a collection of elements about which

the researcher would like to make an inference

Sampling Unit- collection of elements from the

population that covers the entire population
SAMPLING
A sample is a smaller collection of units
from a population used to determine truths
about the population (Field, 2005).

WHY SAMPLE?
• Gives results with known accuracy that can
be calculated mathematically.
WHY SAMPLE?
The population of interest is usually too large to attempt to
survey all of its members.

A carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the

population.
• The sample reflect the characteristics of the
population from which it is drawn.

Saves time and money.

CENSUS SAMPLE
A census study occurs if the entire population is very small
or it s reasonable to include the entire population (for some
reasons).

It is called census sample because data is gathered on every

member of the population.
RANDOM VS. NON-RANDOM
SAMPLING
RANDOM SAMPLING
-Every unit of the population has the same probability of being
included in the sample.

-Eliminates bias in the selection sampling

-Also known as probability sampling

-A chance mechanism is used in the selection process

Methods included for RANDOM SAMPLING:
- Random Sampling
- Systematic Sampling
- Stratified Sampling
NON-RANDOM SAMPLING
-Every unit in the population does not have the same probability
of being included in the sample.

-Opens the selection bias

-Also known as non-probability sampling

Methods for NON-RANDOM SAMPLING:
- convenience sampling
- judgement sampling
- quota sampling
- snowball sampling
- purposive sampling
1. RANDOM SAMPLING
The purest form of probability sampling

Each member of the population has an equal and known chance of

being selected

Applicable when population is small, homogeneous and readily

available

Provides for the greatest number of possible samples. This is done

by assigning numbers to each unit in the sampling frame.
SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING
Relies on arranging the target population according to some
ordering scheme and then selecting elements at regular
intervals through that ordered list.
STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLE
Population is divided into non-overlapping subpopulation
called strata.

A random sample is selected from each stratum.

Every unit in a stratum has same chance of being selected.

NON-RANDOM
SAMPLING