BASIC MEASUREMENT

AND
DIMENSIONING
 DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS
Another term
Dimensional
commonly used for Dimensional
measurement is a
dimensional measurement is
process of
measurement is important to
determining the
linear people in industries
physical
measurement, such as
dimensions of part,
because construction,
such as length,
dimensions of parts manufacturing, and
width, height and
are measured in transportation.
diameter.
straight lines.
 DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS

Unit of measure is A system of

the dimensional measure is a group
Every dimensional
length that has of units of measure
measurement has
been chosen to be that are related to
two components:
the standard by each other. Two
a. Measurement systems used are:
which all other
b. Unit of measure lengths are a. US Customary
measured. b. SI Metric System
 U.S. CUSTOMARY

It is a modified The standard

version of old units of lengths
English or are:
is widely used in
Imperial System. a. Inch
the United
Commonly
States b. Foot (= 12in)
referred as
English/Imperial c. Yard (= 3ft)
system. d. Mile (= 5280ft)
 SI METRIC SYSTEM
Is getting more
Standard
commonly used in
system of the U.S because of
measure used the needs for
Developed in
by almost all making product
France in the for international
countries. SI
1700’s. market and for
stands for
buying products
System
from other
International countries.
 SI METRIC SYSTEM

Has been Base unit of The standard unit

designed to be length is
a. Meter (base unit)
an easier “meter”. This
b. Centimeter (= 0.01
system because allows all meters)
derived units measurements c. Milimeter (=0.001
are all based on to be made in a meters)
“factors of ten” decimal form of d. Kilometer
(=1000meters)
of a base unit. the base unit.
 MACHINIST’S RULE
Machinist’s rule Made of
A rule is a
can be easily tempered steel
dimensional One type of
carried, and have their
measuring rule is the
provides quick graduations
device made machinist’s
measurement engraved to
from a strip of rule, and is the
of approximate avoid rubbing
steel, which has most
dimensions off. Common
graduations of commonly used
enough for lengths are
its measuring measuring
rough 6inch, 12inch,
units along its instrument.
machining 150mm &
length.
works. 300mm.
 MACHINIST’S RULE

The scales of all

This scale allows
rules are
The size & type of lengthwise
graduated,
the smallest measurement of
starting at zero
graduations on an object, by
unit at one end
the machinist’s comparing its
and counting up
rule is called “the length against the
to some amount
scale”. graduations on
of units at the
the rule.
other end.
 MACHINIST’S RULE

The length is then

First, align the end of the
measured by finding the
rule where the zero is
graduation on the rule
located with one edge of
that is aligned with the
the dimension to
other edge of the
measure. This edge is
dimension. This edge is
called the reference
called the measuring
point.
point..
 MACHINIST’S RULE
Prior to RESOLUTION is DECIMAL RULE
performing the smallest are commonly
measurement, graduation or
ACCURACY of available in
accuracy of increment, a
measurements is smallest
measurement
indicated by how measuring graduations of
desired,
close the instrument will 10th, 50th,100th.
resolution of rule
instrument read and And some rule
used, & decimal
reading is to the resolution is also graduates each
rule
true length. sometimes of four edges
measurement
called with different
need to be
discrimination. scales.
known.
 MACHINIST’S RULE

Accuracy needs
For example; to be known for
Stated in the
maximum Length of part is a. Avoiding
number of 5.000in, and the overstating the
measurement reading could be precision of
ACCURACY as much as
units a reading measurements
could differ from 5.002, or as little
as 4.998. The b. Selecting the
the actual right measuring
length. accuracy is said
±0.002 inches. tool for the right
job.
 TAPE MEASURE

Usually made of
Most commonly
Is a type of steel steel that flexes
Tape measure is used in
rule used to so that the rule
also graduated, construction
measure longer will roll up when
but the industry,
distances such it is not needed.
graduations are manufacturing,
as those that The tape
usually painted building. Are
might be measure unrolls
rather than not for precision
expressed in just enough of
engraved. measuring
feet or meters. itself to measure
works.
an object.
 Source of Error
causing inaccuracy in measurement intstrument

Observational
Positioning Error. Occurs
Instrument Error. Results when the Operator Bias
Error. Comes from improper measurement Error. Caused by
from built-in positioning of we see is not bias in
source or the instrument the personnel
calibration. relative to the measurement judgement.
part. indicated by the
instrument.
 Tolerance

The total amount by which a

specified dimension is
Tolerance
allowed to vary and still be
considered a good part.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

A measuring instrument
that determines whether
A Gage or not a dimension of a
part is within the
specified tolerance.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

Falls into 2 categories according to

the type of measurement methods:
Gage 1. Direct comparison – the dimension is
Categories measured by comparing its length with a calibrated or graduated
scale, such that can be found on a rule, caliper or micrometer.

2. Indirect comparison – measurements that

does not actually measure the total length of the dimension.
Instead it measures the difference between object’s dimensions
against an object of known dimension. This object is known as
standard or master part.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

A measurement tool that measures

part dimensions by indicating the
Indicator amount of distance its probe
moves when placed against a part.
Indicators can be digital or analog.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

Accuracy of the indicator

measurements depends on the
accuracy of the reference
Accuracy dimension. A device, called a gage
block, is often used as reference
part to eliminate possible errors.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

Usually a rectangular-shaped metal

block that is manufactured to very
precise dimensions. Made in
Gage variety of sizes so that they can be
Block used a reference dimensions for
any part size. Can be stacked to
form other non-standard
dimensions.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

A process used with indirect

measurements where the
measuring device’s display is set to
read zero when placed in a known
Mastering position. This is often done with a
reference part, called a
master/standard, having a known
dimension.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

To ensure that measurements are

always made relative to the same
reference points on each part. By
using a fixture to locate each part
Fixtures in the same place each time a
measurement is made, you are
avoiding the errors of hand-held
instruments.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING
A measurement device which
consists of one or more indicators
and a set of fixtures that can
Modular accurately locate and firmly hold a
particular part for measurement.
Gage Fixtures of a modular gage are
designed to enable quick
rearrangement for different part
sizes and shapes.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING
Check sheet – a manual method of collecting data. A tally
is a mark made on the sheet to indicate each time an
3-ways of event occurs.
collecting
data Hand-held data collector – a mobile microprocessor-
based device that allows data collection by connecting it
used for to electronic gages or manual keypad entries.
Quality
Control Data Acquisition Equipment – usually consists of a
computer with special software and the ability to
connect to electronic sensors and electronic gages.
 DIMENSIONAL GAGING

Specification Limits – the maximum or

minimum measurements that a part can
have and still be considered a good part.
Limits Control Limits – the maximum and
minimum measurements of parts being
produced by a machine or process that is
operating normally (or in control)
 HOW TO MEASURE A FLAG POLE
A group of managers were given the assignment to
measure the height of a flagpole. So they go out to the
flagpole with ladders and tape measures, and they're falling
off the ladders, dropping the tape measures - the whole
thing is just a mess. An engineer comes along and sees
what they're trying to do, walks over, pulls the flagpole out
of the ground, lays it flat, measures it from end to end,
gives the measurement to one of the managers and walks
away. After the engineer has gone, one manager turns to
another and laughs. "Isn't that just like an engineer! We're
looking for the height and he gives us the length!"