Presentation Outline

• Title
• Introduction and Motivation
• Review of Literature
• Objectives of the Dissertation
• Methodology of the Proposed Work
• Time-line
• References
 Introduction and Motivation
Face Recognition is a very active area in the Computer Vision
and Biometrics fields, as it has been studied vigorously for
25 years and is finally producing applications in security,
robotics, human-computer-interfaces, digital cameras,
games and entertainment.

Face Recognition generally involves two stages:

• 1. Face Detection, where a photo is searched to find any
face, then image processing cleans up the facial image for
easier recognition.
• 2. Face Recognition, where that detected and processed
face is compared to a database of known faces, to decide
who that person is.
• Face detection is a computer technology that
determines the locations and sizes of human faces in
digital images. It detects face and ignores anything
else, such as buildings, trees and bodies. Face
detection can be regarded as a more general case
of face localization. In face localization, the task is to
find the locations and sizes of a known number of
faces. In face detection, face is processed and matched
bitwise with the underlying face image in the database.
• Face detection is also the psychological process by
which we locate and attend to faces in a visual
scene. Research shows that our ability to detect faces
is affected by a range of visual properties such as color
and orientation
Face recognition processing
 Review of the Literature
S. Author Title Publ. Year Methods Limitations
No.

1. Omaima REVIEW OF FACE DETECTION IJMA 2014

N. A. AL- SYSTEMS BASED
Allaf ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORKS ALGORITHMS

2. Paul A. Robust Real-Time Face IJCV 2004

Viola, Detection
Michael J.
Jones

3. Zhen Lei, Real-Time Face Detection and CSIE 2009

Chao Recognition for Video
Wang Surveillance Applications
 Objectives of the Dissertation
To discuss and summarize the process of facial recognition.

To look at currently available facial recognition techniques.

To design and develop a robust facial recognition algorithm.

The algorithm should be usable in a simple and easily
adaptable setup. This implies a single camera setup,
preferably a webcam, and no use of specialized equipment.

Besides these theoretical objectives a proof-of-concept

implementation of the developed method will be carried
out.
 Method/ Approach
Principal component analysis (PCA) was invented in 1901 by Karl
Pearson. PCA involves a mathematical procedure that transforms a
number of possibly correlated variables into a number of
uncorrelated variables called principal components, related to the
original variables by an orthogonal transformation

Skin texture analysis

Another emerging trend uses the visual details of the skin, as
captured in standard digital or scanned images. This technique,
called skin texture analysis, turns the unique lines, patterns, and
spots apparent in a person’s skin into a mathematical space Tests
have shown that with the addition of skin texture analysis,
performance in recognizing faces can increase 20 to 25 percent. It is
typically used in security systems and can be compared to other
biometrics such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems
 ALGORITHM
Lighting Compensation

Color Space Transformation

Skin Color Detection

Input Image
Variance-based Segmentation
Connected Component &
Grouping
Face Localization

Eye/ Mouth Detection

Face Boundary Detection

Verifying/ Weighting
Eyes-Mouth Triangles
Facial Feature Detection

Output Image
Eigen Faces

The eigenfaces themselves form a basis set of

all images used to construct the covariance
matrix. This produces dimension reduction by
allowing the smaller set of basis images to
represent the original training images.
Classification can be achieved by comparing
how faces are represented by the basis set
 References
1. Paul A. Viola, Michael J. Jones: Robust Real-Time
Face Detection. International Journal of Computer
Vision 57(2): 137-154 (2004)

2. Omaima N. A. AL-Allaf : Review of Face Detection

Systems Based Artificial Neural Network Algorithm.
International Journal of Multimedia & Its
Application Vision 57, Vol (6), Feb 2014

3. Zhen Lei, Chao Wang : Real-Time Face Detection

and Recognition for Video Surveillance Applications.
Computer Science and Information Engineering,
Vol (5), Apr 2009