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• The numbers we use daily are in base 10. The place value of numbers in
base 10 are as shown below.
9 70 3
103 =1000 102 =100 101=10 100 =1
Place value
9 7 0 3 Number in base 10
• The place value of any digit of a number is a fixed value and does not
change with the value of the digit.
9 7 0 3 Number in base 10
• There are 10 digits that can be written in any place value column
for numbers in base 10.
• The digit value or value of digit varies with the place value and the
digit
103 =1000 102 =100 101=10 100 =1
Place value
9 7 0 3 Number in base 10
9 7 0 3 Number in base 10
22 = 21 = 20 =
Place
Value 2x2=4 2 1
82 = 81 = 80 =
Place
Value 8 x 8 = 64 8 1
52 = 51 = 50 =
Place
Value 5 x 5 = 25 5 1
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 = 5+0 1 0
6 = 5+1 1 1
7 = 5+2 1 2
10 = 2 x 5 + 0 2 0
17 = 3 x 5 + 2 3 2
910 = 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
= 10012 Read as “one zero zero one base 2”
910 = 8 + 1
= 118 Read as “one one base 8”
910 = 5 + 4
= 145 Read as “one four base 5”
SOLUTION
1 8+4+2+
1 1 1
1=15
0 16+0+0+
1 0 0 0
0=16
SOLUTION
Before 2 0 2 x 8 + 0 = 16
2 1 2 x 8 + 1 = 17
After 2 2 2 x 8 + 2 = 18
SOLUTION
4 4 4 x 5 + 4 = 24
1 0 0 1 x 25 + 0 + 0 = 25
3748 = 3 x 82 + 7 x 81 + 4 x 80
1.1 c Writing Numbers in Base Two, Eight and Five
in Expanded Notation
110012 = 1 x 24 + 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20
1.1 c Writing Numbers in Base Two, Eight and Five
in Expanded Notation
Place Value 53 52 51 50
Number 4 1 0 3
41035 = 4 x 53 + 1 x 52 + 0 x 51 +3 x 50
1.1 d Converting Numbers in Base Two, Eight and Five to
Base 10 and Vice Versa
Steps to convert numbers in base 2, 8 and 5 to base 10 are as follows
b. 3748
c. 41035
Convert each of the following numbers to
EXAMPLE
a number in base 10
a. 110012
b. 3748
c. 41035
a. 110012 = 1 x 24 + 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20
SOLUTION
= 2510
b. 3748 = 3 x 82 + 7 x 81 + 4 x 80
= 25210
c. 41035 = 4 x 53 + 1 x 52 + 0 x 51 +3 x 50
= 52810
Number Bases
1 1 0 3 0 1
DEC
d
= x2 3 25
Number Bases
2 18
2 9 R0
2 4 R1
2 2 R0
2 1 R0
0 R1
1810 = 100102
1810 to Base 2
Press
2x
MODE BASE DEC
3 3 x2 d
BIN
1 8 2 3 10010 b
=6 3 log
SOLUTION 1810 to Base 5
5 18
5 3 R3
0 R3
1810 = 335
SOLUTION 1810 to Base 8
8 18
8 2 R2
0 R2
1810 = 228
1810 to Base 8
Press
2x
MODE BASE DEC
3 3 x2 d
OCT
o
1 8 2 3 22
=6 3 ln
1.1 e Converting Numbers from One Base to Another
The following steps are used to convert from one base to another
EXAMPLE Convert
1102 = 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 = 610
5 6
5 1 R1
0 R1
1102 = 115
b. 325 to number in base 2
SOLUTION
325 = 3 x 51 + 2 x 50 = 1710
2 17
2 8 R1
2 4 R0
2 2 R0
2 1 R0
0 R1
325 = 100012
c. 1278 to number in base 5
SOLUTION
1278 = 1 x 82 + 2 x 81 + 7 x 80 = 8710
5 87
5 17 R2
5 3 R2
0 R3
1278 = 3225
d. 2035 to number in base 8
SOLUTION
2035 = 2 x 52 + 0 x 51 + 3 x 50 = 5310
8 53
8 6 R5
0 R6
2035 = 658
Binary Octal Decimal
000 0 0
001 1 1
010 2 2
011 3 3
100 4 4
101 5 5
110 6 6
111 7 7
Converting binary to octal: Counting from right to left, draw a line between
every group of 3-bits. The most significant group may not have exactly three
bits, so you can just pretend the others are zeros. Now convert each group
of three to a single, octal digit. The conversion of a 3-bit number to an octal
number is easy. You can memorize the patterns easily and, even if you
forget, they are not hard to figure out. The resulting octal digits, when written
together in the same order, are the equivalent binary number. Here's an
example which converts the binary number '11111010' to its equivalent octal
number.
Converting octal to binary: This is simply the reverse of the
above process. For every octal digit, just write down the 3-bit
pattern that represents it. Here is an example which converts
octal number 6252 to binary.
Convert 1000111012 to number in base 8
solution
100 011 101
4 3 5
1000111012 = 4358
Convert 5318 to number in base 2
solution
5 31
531
5318 = 1010110012
Number Bases
02 + 02 = 02
02 + 12 = 12
12 + 02 = 12
12 + 12 = 102
12 + 12+ 12 = 102 + 12 = 112
1 1
1011
+1110
1 1 0 01
_______
12 + 12 + 12 = 112 12 + 12 = 102
12 + 12 = 102
Number Bases
Calculate 10112 + 11102, stating your answer
as a number in base 2
Press
2x
MODE BASE BIN
3 3 log b
1 0 1 3 1 + 1 1 1 3 0 3
b
= 11001
1.1f Addition and Subtraction in Base Two
• To subtract two numbers in base two, the following
subtraction rules are important
02 - 02 = 02
12 - 02 = 12
12 - 12 = 02
102 - 12 = 12
0 10
1011
- 110
1 01
_______
02 - 02 = 02
102 -12 = 12
Number Bases
Calculate 10112 - 1102, stating your answer
as a number in base 2
Press
2x
MODE BASE BIN
3 3 log b
1 0 1 3 1 - 1 1 0 3
= 101 b