I.E.

T LUCKNOW
Seminar
On
Pid Tuning Methods

Submitted To:- Guided By:- Submitted By:-

Department Of Electronics Mr.Laxmikant Dwivedi Nirmal Sachan
IET Lucknow 1605232037
Electronics & Instrumentation
3rd Year (2018-2019)
Content
 Introduction of controller
 Proportional controller
 Integral controller
 Derivative controller
 What is tuning
 Methods of tuning
 Open loop method
 Closed loop method
 Application of pid controller
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
Introduction
 A controller is a device which is used to get
the required transient and steady state
response as per the requirement

 The best system demands is smallest rise

time,smallest settling time,smallest steady
state error and smallest peak overshoot
Proportional contoller

 To change the transient response as per the requirement

 A proportional control acting is a simple gain multiplication
of the error signal present in the system

E (s) K p  U (s)  u (t )  K p e(t )

Change in gain in P controller

 Increase in gain:

 Upgrade both steadystate and

transient responses
 Reduce steady-state
error

 Reduce stability!
 Maxium peakover shoot
increase!
 Stead state error can not be
completely eliminated!
Integral Controller

 Also known as reset controller

 Because it eliminate the steady state error completely

 Should not be use for slow moving process and fast moving process

t
Ki
E ( s)  U ( s)  u (t )  Ki  e(t )dt
s 0
Change in gain for PI controller
 Increase in gain:
 Steady state error can br eliminated
completely

 Stability of the system decrease!

 Increase oscillations and
overshoot!
 Settling time increase!
 Increase oscillations
and overshoot!
Derivative Controller

 The name rate because of it produces the output which is

the derivative of input

 signal Derivative controller is also known as rate controller

de(t )
E ( s ) K d s  U ( s )  u (t )  K d
dt
Changes in gains for PID Controller
 Increase in gain:

 Upgrade transient response

 Decrease the peak and rise time
 Stability of the system increase
 Settling time decrease

 Increase overshoot
and settling time!
 Can’t eliminate steady
state error completely!
What is tuning

 The process of selecting the value of Kp,Kc,Kd so that

we can find optimum response
 It is used when it is difficult to find the transfer
function of system
 Like, it is used to maintain the tempreture of the
furnace or in other application in industry
 In 1942 Ziegler and Nicoles proposed two methods of
tuning
(1)open loop method
(2) closed loop method
Open loop method(Reaction curve technique)
 It is used when closed loop can
break as shown in figure

 The step input is applied at m’ and

output is taken from b
 It is not used when loop can’t break
 Difficutto find the slop of the output due to
noise present
 Not able to give exact output
 Closed loop Method
 Used when it is not possible to break the loop of system

 In this method first select the Kd=0,Ki=0

 And then slowly increase the of kp value and check output

 At particular value of kp sustainable oscillation will produce in the output

 Note down kp and Tu and put in optimum setting

 Application of pid controller

 It is used in automobiles as a speed controller

 It is used to control the tempteture of furnace

 Also used as a Ph neutralization in industry

 As a normal tank operating level

Reference

 www.ieee.org

 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.com
THANKS