Thermal Stress Analysis

of Structure
Presented By:

Asfand Zain Majid(15-ME-07)

Ammar Shoaib (15-ME-14)
Contents

 Introduction
 Theory
 Solving in Ansys
 Applications
 Conclusion
Introduction
Theory

 Changes in temperature produce expansion or contraction

of materials and result in thermal strains and thermal
stresses
 For most structural materials, thermal strain εT is
proportional to the temperature change ΔT :

εT = α (ΔT)
Theory

 Suppose we have a bar subjected to an axial load. We will

then have:
ε=σ/E
 Also suppose that we have an identical bar subjected to a
temperature change ΔT. We will then have:
εT = α (ΔT)
 Equating the above two strains we will get:
σ = E α (ΔT)
 We now have a relation between axial stress and change in
temperature Thermal Stress
 Assume that the material is homogeneous and isotropic
and that the temperature increase ΔT is uniform
throughout the block.

 We can calculate the increase in any dimension of the

block by multiplying the original dimension by the thermal
strain.

δT = εT L = α (ΔT) L

 Temperature – Displacement relation

 Thermal Strain As in the case of lateral strains, thermal strains do not induce
stresses unless they are constrained. The total strain in a body experiencing
thermal stress may be divided into two components: Strain due to stress, εσ
 And that due to temperature, εT

ε = εT + εσ
ε = (σ / E) + αT
Rearranging
Simplifying we get,

The thermal strain matrix for an anisotropic material is then

Simplifying we get,
For the case of an axisymmetric triangular element of isotropic material subjected to
uniform temperature change, the thermal strain matrix is
Procedure for solving

 Step 1
Evaluate the thermal force matrix, Then treat this force matrix as an equivalent
(or initial) force matrix F0 analogous to that obtained when we replace a
distributed load acting on an element by equivalent nodal forces

 Step 2
Apply F= kd- F0 where if only thermal loading is considered, we solve F0= kd. for
the nodal displacements. Recall that when we formulate the set of simultaneous
equations, F represents the applied nodal forces, which here are assumed to be
zero.
Applications

 Aeroplane wing design

 Automobile Components
 Space shuttles
 Turbines
 Pipes etc.