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Genotypically and
phenotypically it is very similar
to Bacillus cereus, which is
found in soil habitats around
the world
Bacillus thuringiensis.
Phase Photomicrograph
of vegetative cells,
intracellular spores (light)
and
parasporal crystals (dark).
BImal K Das, Microbiology, AIIMS
McFadyean's reaction showing short chains of Bacillus
anthracis cells lying among amorphous,disintegrated
capsular material. White blood cells can also be seen.
BImal K Das, Microbiology, AIIMS
Differential Characteristics of B. anthracis B. cereus and B. thuringiensis
B. cereus and
Characteristic B. anthracis
Differential Characteristics of B. anthracis B. cereus and B. thuringiensis B. thuringiensis
glutamyl-polypeptide capsule + -
motility - +
string-of-pearls test + -
Death Introduced
Blood stream
Release
Vegetative Forms
BImal K Das, Microbiology, AIIMS
Clinically three forms of Human anthrax occur
A. Cutaneous anthrax
B. Pulmonary anthrax
C. Intestinal anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax
Rarely intestinal anthrax
Intestinal Anthrax
• Haemorrhagic mediastinitis
CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
INTESTINAL ANTHRAX
PULMONARY ANTHRAX
Anthrax Toxin
LETHAL FACTOR
( Lethal Factor + Protective Ag = Lethal toxin)
Putrefying carcasses
Blood, tissue and hide
Culture on selective medium
Soil sample from the areas where the carcass as lying
Serological assay
ELISA: based on anthrax toxin ( PA, LF and EF) for routine confirmation and
vaccine response)
Molecular techniques ( Only in the referral laboratories):
- RFLP
- PCR Fingerprinting
Animal Inoculation: Guinea pig and mice inoculation
Protective antibodies against the anthrax toxin and against the capsule
3000
Monkey 2500 unit/kg 107
cells
Children Ciproflox
20-30mg/kgbodywt ivX60days Penicllin G 50,000 u/kg X 60 days
Vaccine for humans: ( avirulent and nonencapsulated) sublethal amounts of the toxin
produced
- Professionals ( Veternarians, butcher, Zoo keeper, Wild life workers, Forest guards)
- Military personnels