Electricity and Magnetism

Chapter 5
Great Idea:
Electricity and magnetism are two different
aspects of one force—the electromagnetic force
 Chapter Outline
• Nature’s Other Forces
• Magnetism
• Batteries and Electric Circuits
• Connections Between Electricity and
Magnetism
• Electrical Effects from Magnetism
Nature’s Other Forces
 Static Electricity
• Newton’s First Law
• Greeks’ Observations
– Electrical charge
• Electricity
– Static electricity
– Properties
 The Movement of Electrons
• Atomic structure
• Electrical charge
– Positive
– Negative
• Behavior
 Coulomb’s Law
• Coulomb
– experiments kq1q2
• Coulomb’s Law: F 2
d
– Force is related to charge and distance

• 1 Coulomb = 6.3 x 1018 electrons

 The Electrical Field
• The force felt
by a charge
located at a
particular
point
Magnetism
 Magnetism
• Magnetic Force
• William Gilbert
– Dipole magnet
– Like repels, unlike attracts
• Magnetic Field
 Pairs of Poles

• No isolated magnetic poles

Batteries and Electric Circuits
 Batteries and Electrical
Current
• Electrical current
– Flow of charged particles
• Battery
– Volta
– Converts chemical energy to kinetic
energy
 Electric Circuits
• Electric circuit
– Unbroken path of material carrying
electricity
– Electrical conductor
Circuit
– Source
– Closed path
– Device to use electrical energy
 Ohm’s Law
• Flow of Electricity
– Ampere
• 1 amp=1 coulomb/sec
– Voltage
• Amount of power in circuit
– Electrical Resistance
• Ohm
• Ohm’s Law
– Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely
proportional to resistance
– Equation:
V  IR
• Load
– Equation:
P  IV
 Two Kinds of
Electric Circuits

• Series circuit vs. parallel circuit

Connections between Electricity
and Magnetism
 Magnetic Effects
from Electricity
• Oersted
– Magnetic field created by
electrical charges
• Electromagnet
• Magnetic Monopole
– Do not exist
– Arrangement of electrical
charges
Electrical Effects
from Magnetism
 Electrical Effects
from Magnetism
• Faraday
– Electromagnetic induction
– Electrical fields and currents
can be produced by
changing magnetic fields
• Electric Generator
 Maxwell’s Equations
• Coulomb’s Law
• No magnetic monopoles
• Magnetic phenomena produced by
electrical effects
• Electrical phenomena produced by
magnetic effects