Communication

Skills

Lec Uzma Ehsan

Lec Uzma Ehsan
 Introduction (Reading)
 Richard Anderson and the Commission
on Reading define reading as the process
of constructing meaning from written
texts.
 It is a multifaceted process involving word
recognition, comprehension, fluency, and
motivation.

Lec Uzma Ehsan

Introduction (Reading Skill)
Reading skills include skills acquired
through reading, such as
comprehension, fluency and
independence. Overall, these skills give
readers the ability to turn words on a
page into a clear meaning.

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 Contd…
Reading is the receptive skill in the
written mode. It can develop
independently of listening and speaking
skills, but often develops along with
them, especially in societies with a
highly-developed literary tradition.
Reading can help build vocabulary that
helps listening comprehension.

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 Micro-skills involved in reading
1. Decipher the script.
2. Recognize vocabulary.
3. Pick out key words, such as those identifying
topics and main ideas.
4. Figure out the meaning of the words, including
unfamiliar vocabulary, from the (written)
context.
5. Detect sentence constituents, such as subject,
verb, object, prepositions, etc.

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 Contd…
6. Recognize basic syntactic patterns.
7. Reconstruct and infer situations, goals and
participants.
8. Use both knowledge of the world and lexical
and grammatical cohesive devices to make the
foregoing inferences, predict outcomes, and
infer links and connections among the parts of
the text.

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 Contd…
10. Get the main point or the most important
information.
11. Distinguish the main idea from supporting
details.
12. Adjust reading strategies to different
reading purposes, such as skimming for
main ideas.

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 Types of Reading/
Reading Strategies
 The most important types of reading as a skill can be
defined as follows:
Skimming: reading rapidly for the main topics
Scanning: reading rapidly to find a specific
piece of information
Extensive Reading: reading a longer text often for
pleasure with emphasis on overall
meaning
Intensive Reading: reading a short text for detailed
information
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 Previewing

1. Establishing Context,
2. Know the Purpose
3. Overview of Content

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 Objectives to be met while
Reading
Whatever your purposes are for reading a
particular piece, you have three objectives
to meet as your read:
1. to identify the author’s most important
points
2. to recognize how they fit together
3. to note how you respond to them.

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 Reviewing

1. Organizing
2. Analyzing
3. Evaluating
4. Reacting

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 Comparing Texts

Texts are written for different purposes, such

as to persuade, to illustrate, to describe, to
entertain, or to analyze. Even though you
may be presented with two or more texts on
a similar theme or topic, they will probably
have different purposes.

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 Criteria for Comparision

1. Comparing Presentation
2. Comparing Facts and Opinions
3. Comparing Information
4. Comparing Attitudes

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 Various Texts: Text Types
1. Descriptive texts basically deal with factual
phenomena
2. Narrative texts types deal mainly with
changes in time
3. Expository texts tend to be explanatory
4. Argumentative texts deal with problems
and controversial ideas

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 Contd…

5. Instructive texts tell the reader/audience

what to do
6. Reference texts list information, usually in
alphabetical order
7. Procedural texts give instructions
8. Literary texts tell a story or describe
experiences.

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Reflection

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Thankyou

Lec Uzma Ehsan