DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : G. Subba Rao & B. Santhosha
kumari
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : BPTC, Bapatla
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Microprocessors
Subject code : CM 405
Topic : Introduction and Architecture
Duration : 50 mts
Sub topic : Operations of Microprocessor
Technical Aids : Diagrams
Revised by :K.Srikanth,Lecturer,GPT,Nizamabad
9CM405.2 1
Recap

Already we discussed about

• What is a Microcomputer

• The main blocks present in microprocessor

9CM405.2 2
Objectives

Upon completion of this period , you would be able to

• Draw the basic functional blocks of a microprocessor

based system

• Describe the function of each block of microprocessor

based system

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Block Diagram Of A Microprocessor Based System

Data Bus

Input
Device

Control Control Memory

I/O Bus Bus (ROM &
CPU
Ports RAM)

Output
Output
Device
Device

Address Bus

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 Blocks Of Microprocessor Based System

• In microprocessor based system, microprocessor acts as

CPU

•The main blocks present in a microprocessor based system

are

 Microprocessor
 Memory Unit
 Input/output Unit

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Microprocessor unit

• In a microprocessor based system, the microprocessor

controls the operations of overall system

•The μP fetches the instructions from memory, decodes

the instructions and executes them

• The μP contains a program counter which holds the

address of the next instruction to be fetched from
memory

• General purpose registers are used by the μP to store

temporary data and results

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Memory Unit
The memory unit usually consists of RAM and ROM

Generally memory has two purposes

1. To store the binary codes for the sequence of instructions

in a program

2. To store the data with which the μP is going to work

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 Input / Output Unit

• I/O system is used for feeding the data to μP

• I/O system is used for getting information from μP

• The I/O devices are connected to μP through I/O Ports

• A port is a data exchange place

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 Buses

The memory unit, I/O devices are connected to the μP through

• Address bus
• Data bus
• Control bus

Note : Bus is group of conducting lines which carry binary

information

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Address Bus

•Address bus is a unidirectional bus used by the μP to select

a memory location or an I/O port from where data can be
read or written

•The number of address lines varies from one processor to

the other processor

•The number of memory locations that the μP can address is

determined by number of address lines

•If a μP contains 16 address lines, it can address 216 memory

locations, i.e a μP with “N” address lines can address up to
2N locations

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Data Bus

•The data bus is a bidirectional bus which carries data

between the μP and other units

•The number of data lines varies from processor to processor

•Many devices in a system will have their outputs connected

to the data bus, but only one device at a time will have its
outputs enabled

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Control bus

•The μP issues proper timing and bus control signals to

memory and I/O devices over this bus

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Summary

We have discussed about the functions of

• Microprocessor

• Memory Unit

• Input / Output Unit

• Address Bus

• Data Bus

• Control Bus
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Quiz

1.The maximum amount of memory accessed by a

Microprocessor depends on

(a) The length of address bus

(b) The length of data bus

(c) The length of control bus

(d) None

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Quiz (Contd.)

2. The data bus is

(a) Unidirectional

(b) Bidirectional

(c) Omni directional

(d) None

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Frequently Asked Questions

1)What are the functional blocks of a microprocessor based

system ?

2)What is meant by bus ?

3)What are the different buses present in a microprocessor

based system and explain their function ?

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