TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR FLUID-STRUCTURe

INTERACTION IN CURVED
PIPES

Presented To:
 Dr. Zaman
Presented By:

 Syed Mehar Ali Naqvi {2018-ag-7910}

 Muhammad Zain Bin Nadeem {2018-ag-7909}

 Content
 Flow through pipes.

1. Introduction.

2. Types of flow.

3. Classifications of flow.

 Internal flow.

 External flow.

 Central problems in the safety analysis and assessment of piping system.

 Solution through dimensional flows.

 1D and 2D Flow.

 Equation of Continuity.
Types of flow
 Uniform & Non-uniform Flows.

 Laminar & Turbulent Flows.

 Established & unestablished Flow

 Compressible & Incompressible Flows.

 Rotational & Irrotational Flows.

Introduction
Flow through pipes
 The hot and cold water that we use in our homes

 Oil and natural gas are transported hundreds of miles by large

pipelines.

 Blood is carried throughout our bodies by arteries and veins.

 The cooling water in an engine.

 Thermal energy in a hydronic space heating system

 Uniform & Non-uniform Flows.

It the flow in which

conditions of flow remain
constant from section to
section.
 Uniform & Non-uniform Flows.
It is the flow in which
the conditions of flow
does not remain
constant from section
to section.
Laminar & Turbulent Flows
 In fluid dynamics, laminar flow occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers,
with no disruption between the layers.

 In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion

characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.
Established and Unestablished
Flow
 Unestablished flow
The length up to which velocity profile (advance front) changes.
 Established flow
That region when viscosity has played its full role and velocity
profile does not change.
Incompressible fluid flow or
compressible fluid flow
 Incompressible fluid flow
Density remains constant e.g. liquid flow
 Compressible fluid flow
Density varies e.g. gas flow
 Rotational & Irrotational Flows.

 The flow in which fluid particles while

flowing along stream lines rotate about
their own axis is called rotational fluid.

 The flow in which the fluid particles while

flowing along stream lines do not rotate
about their own axis is called irrotational
fluid.
Classification
 Internal Flow

 Where the conduit is completely filled with the fluid.

Classification
 External flow

 Where the conduit is partially filled by the fluid.

central problems in the pipe flow
 Leading challenge for engineers to maintain flow through pipes.

 Pressure within piping systems can cause vibrations to occur

within the pipe, disturbing fluid flow and potentially leading to
fluid leakage.

 Changes in temperature can quickly affect the performance of

piping systems.( Dimensions, pressure capacity, and stiffness)

 Providing proper venting for hazardous liquids/gasses.

 Water hammer is a common problem with various types of

systems and pipelines. Which can cause pipe to collapse.
Solution through Dimensional Flows
 There are three types of dimensional flows:
1. One dimensional
2. Two dimensional
3. Three dimensional
 These refer to the number of space coordinated
required to describe a flow.
 Any physical flow is generally three-
dimensional.(Difficult)
 It is possible to reduce dimensions for ease.(3D to 1D)
One dimensional flow(1-D)
 When a liquid flows in one
direction either x.,y,z then it is
consider as 1 D flow
 Velocity depends only on radial
distance.
 To analyze 1-D channel flow
number of assumptions are
made:
1. Ratio of duct length to width
(L/D) is ≤ about 5 (to neglect
heat transfer and friction).
2. Steady vs. Unsteady Flow.
3. Flow is isentropic.(Adiabatic
and reversible)
 Two dimensional flow (2-D)

 Fluid flow in which all flow occurs in a set of

parallel planes with no flow normal to them,
and the flow is identical in each
of these parallel planes.
 Flow of liquid/gas through a diverging duct.
 Flow velocity at every point is parallel to a
fixed plane.
 Velocity at any location depends upon
radial distance and x-distance.
 Equation of Continuity

The continuity equation states that the

rate at which mass enters a system is
equal to the rate at which mass leaves
the system.
Consider a flow through some tube , as shown
below:
 Equation of Continuity(continued)
Volume flow in A1 = A1V1∆t
Volume flow out over A2 = A2V2∆t

Therefore,

Mass in over A1= р1A1V1 ∆t

Mass in over A2 = p2A2V2 ∆t

So : p1A1V1 = p2A2V2
For Incompressible fluid, p1 = p2
A1V1 = A2V2 = Q
Thank You