• means “rebirth” ; decribed as classy aimed for

perfection
• flourished in the 14th century, in Florence,Italy
• era ofgreat creativity in literature, sculpture
and painting
• featured the use of perspective, balance,form
and proportion (classicism)
• focused on Christian religion and common
daily activities of people
• The ideal man during this period was
supposed to be a well-rounded individual and
with knowledge in various fields like
philosophy, art, science and music.
 Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)

• A well known painter

• Was trained and
studied in the
workshop of Andreade
Verrocchio – a well
known sculptor and
painter
 Great works
• Horse and Rider (1495)
– was an unsigned work
• Mona Lisa – first
painting in which a
woman is allowed to
look directly into the
eyes of the viewer. La
Gioconda- wife of an
Italian merchant,
Fancisco del Gioconda
• The Last Supper- it is housed at Santa Maria delle
Grazie in Milan, Italy.
• He uses chiaroscuro technique in his work.
• Chiaro means light and scuro means dark described as
bold contrast between dark andlight.
 Michael Buonarotti (1475-1564)

• Michelangelo
Buonarroti
• An architect, painter
and writer but
primarily a sculptor.
• Was recognized at the
age of 16 by Lorenzo
de Medici (1449-
1492)
 Great Works:
Pieta(1498-1500) –
located at St.
Peter’s Basilica
-A youthful
Mary mourns the
dead Christ
-signature is
carved in the band
across Mary’s
chest.
 David (1501-1504)
• -a marble sculpture stands 13 ft
and 5 inches
• with the base marble statue of a
standing male nude. The statue
represents the
Biblical hero David, a favoured
subject in the art of Florence.
Originally commissioned as one
of a series of statues of prophets
to be positioned along the
roofline of the eastend
of Florence Cathedral, the statue
was placed instead in a public
square, outside the Palazzo della
Signoria, the seat of civic
government in Florence, where
it was unveiled on 8 September
1504.
Last Judgement
(1534-1541)
-A painting on the
altar wall of Sistine
Chapel
 Raphael Santi (1483-1520)

• Started to work in
Florence and at the
age of 26, he went to
Rome
• He painted portraits
and mythology
pictures
• Raphael’s Style is
calm, harmonious and
restrained.
Virgin with the Christ theChild
• derived from the Portuguese baroccomeaning, 'irregular
pearl or stone‘
• In art criticism the word Baroque came to be used to describe
anything irregular, bizarre, or otherwise departing from
established rules and proportions.
• Baroque art above all reflected the religious tensions of the
age - notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome (as
annunciated at the Council of Trent, 1545-63) toreassert itself
in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.
• The Baroque style of architecture prevailed in
Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries and
was characterized by elaborate and grotesque
forms and ornamentalations.
• In painting, this is characterized by
• Movement
• Energy
• Restleness
• The compositions of baroque painting
employs diagonal and zigzag lines that express
the vitality and movement quality of the
baroque art.
The Crowning with Thorns by Caravaggio
The Triumph of the Immaculate by Paolo de Matteis
• Baroque style in architecture is marked
by heavy sculptural and extravagantly
ornamental facade. The giant twisted
columns, broken pediments, and a
variety of motifs such as scrolls,scallops,
trellises, urns, and angels.
Trevi Fountain in Rome
• emphasized massiveness and monumentality,
movement, dramatic spatial and lighting
sequences, and a rich interior decoration
using contrasting surface textures, vivid
colours, and luxurious materials to heighten
the structure’s physical immediacy andevoke
sensual delight.
Interior of the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria church, Rome including the
Cornaro portraits, but omitting the lower parts of the chapel.
• In Baroque sculpture, groups of figures
assumed new importance and there was a
dynamic movement and energy of human
forms—they spiraled around an empty central
vortex, or reached outwards into the
surrounding space.
• Apollo and Daphne is a
life-
sized Baroque marble
sculpture by Italian
artist Gian Lorenzo
Bernini, executed
between 1622 and
1625.
• St. Theresa in
Ecstasy (1645–52)
• created for the Cornaro
Chapel of the church
of Santa Maria della
Vittoria
• St. Teresa
– was a popular saint of
the Catholic Reformation.
She wrote of her mystical
experiences for an
audience of the nunsof
her Carmelite Order; these
writings had become
popular reading among lay
people interested in
spirituality.
• The Baroque style, as an expression of
religious emotionalism, eventually found its
way into the Spanish and Portugese colonies
in Central and South America, and in the East,
particularly the Philippines, with the
widespread
 Modern Arts
• includes artistic works produced during the
period extending roughly from the 1860s to
the 1970s, and denotes the style
and philosophy of the art producedduring
that era.
• The term is usually associated with art in
which the traditions of the past have been
thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.
Modern artists experimented with newways
of seeing and with fresh ideas about the
nature of materials and functions of art.

Effect:
A tendency away from the narrative, which was
characteristic for the traditional arts,
toward abstraction is characteristic of much
modern art.
Modern art Begins with theheritage of
painters like:
• Vincent van Gogh,
• Paul Cézanne,
• Paul Gauguin,
• Georges Seurat and
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Country road in Provence by Night,1889
Vincent Van Gogh
The Models, 1888
Georges Seurat
The Large Bathers, 1898-1905
Paul Cezanne
Spirit of the Dead Watching ,1892
Paul Gaguin
At the Moulin Rouge: TwoWomen
Waltzing, 1892
Henri De Toulouse
History of Modern Arts
 19th Century
• 1863
- Edouard Monet show his painting
Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in theSalon des
Refusés in Paris.
• 1855
-Gustave Courbet exhibited “ TheArtist’s
Studio “
• 1784
- Jacques-Louis David completed his
painting The Oath of theHoratii

 H. Harvard Arnason (Historian)

- he said that “each of these dates has
significance for the development of modern
art, but none categorically marks a completely
new beginning.”
 Immanuel Kant ( Clement Greenberg )
- the first realmodernist

The pioneers of modern art were:

• Romantics, Realists and Impressionists
• By the late 19th century, additional
movements which were to be influentialin
modern art had begun to emerge: post-
Impressionism as well as Symbolism.
 Early 20th Century
Among the movements which flowered inthe
first decade of the 20th centurywere:
• Fauvism,
• Cubism,
• Expressionism, and
• Futurism
 After World War II
• U.S. became the focal point of newartistic
movements.
• 1950’s and 1960’s saw the emergence
of Abstract Expressionism, Color field
painting, Pop art, Op art, Hard-edge
painting, Minimal art, Lyrical
Abstraction, Fluxus , Happening , Video
art, Postminimalism, Photorealism and various
other movements.
• In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art, Performance
art, Conceptual art, and other new art forms had attracted the
attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional
media.
• By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of
"the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in
1981 by Douglas Crimp), new media art had become a category in
itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with
technological means such as video art. Painting assumed renewed
importance in the 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise
of neo-expressionism and the revival offigurative painting.
• Towards the end of the 20th century, a number of artists and
architects started questioning the idea of "the modern" and created
typically Postmodern works.