A

Presentation on

Vehicle Performance

S Srinivasa Rao
Scientist ‘F’
CVRDE, Chennai
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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054.
 Content
• Vehicle performance Parameters
• Vehicle Resistances (Passenger Vehicle)
• Adhesion Limit
• Tractive Effort Calculation
• Vehicle Performance Diagram
• Vehicle Acceleration
• Tractive Effort Diagram
• Various Vehicle Resistance (Tracked Vehicle)
• Vehicle Performance
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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Vehicle performance Parameters

Maximum speed of vehicle

Gradient climbing
Acceleration
Steering
Terrain negotiation
Tilt negotiation
Braking
Reverse motion

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
Vehicle Resistance (Passenger Vehicle)

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Wheel Resistance (FR)

•ROLLING RESISTANCE
•ROAD SURFACE
RESISTANCE
•SLIP RESISTANCE

where

where,

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 Coefficient of Rolling Resistance (fR)

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Dynamic wheel radius (rdyn)

Distance travelled per revolution by the wheel which is rolling without slip
at 60 kmph.

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Gradient Resistance (FSt)

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 Air Resistance (FL)

assuming zero wind velocity.

where,

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 Acceleration Resistance(Fa)

where,
Rotational inertia coefficient
Vehicle mass
Mass moment of inertia of rotating elements about driving axle
Acceleration resistance
Vehicle acceleration

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Total Tractive
Resistance
Total Tractive Resistance

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
Exercise:
1. Mass of vehicle = 1000 Kg
2. Good earth track (fr =.045)
3. Gradient = 30 degree
4. Air Density = 1.199 kg/m3
5. Drag Coefficient = 0.3
6. Projected area of vehicle = 2 m2
7. Rotational Inertia coefficient = 1.2
Assume no wind flow and acceleration.

Total Tractive Resistance = ??

Combat Vehicle & Research

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Development Est.
 Adhesion Limit

where, = Static coefficient of friction

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Tractive Effort Calculation
Lock up mode

Engine Torque  Efficiency  Gear ratio

Tractive effort 
Wheel radius

Engine speed
Vehicle Speed 
Gear ratio
Torque Converter mode

Engine Torque(from T.C.Matchi ng plot) Gear ratio  Efficiency  T.C.Ratio

Tractive effort 
Wheel radius

Engine speed(From T.C matching plot)  T.C speed ratio

Vehicle Speed 
Gear ratio

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Vehicle Acceleration
Acceleration of the vehicle at various gears is calculated by finding the
excess power/torque available after overcoming the tractive resistance.

where,
= Excess traction
= Rotational inertia coefficient
= Vehicle mass

For acceleration performance of the vehicle during movement on level surface:

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 Tractive Effort Diagram

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Vehicle Performance Diagram

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Vehicle Resistance (Tracked Vehicle)

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 Bulldozing Resistance

Bulldozing resistance is defined as the force required to push the (terrain) soil
mass at a sinkage Z ahead of the track or wheels


Rb  2b CZK pc  0.5Z 2 s K py 
K pc  ( N C  Tan  )Cos 2
 2Nr 
KPY    1Cos 2
 tan  
Where ,
C = Cohesion ,
W = Gross Vehicle Weight = 35000 Kgs
NC , Nr = Bearing Capacity factor of Dry Sand

      = Angle of internal shear

K , KC = Modulus of Terrain Deformation

Z = Sinkage in terrain 
s
= Angle of internal shear 19
Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Compaction Resistance

Compaction resistance is the motion resistance encountered due to

compaction of the bearing substrate material ie the soil in the vertical direction.

n 1
 K   K   Z
RC  2b  C   n  1
 b 

1
 W   K C   n
Z     b   K  
 2bl    

Where ,
Rc = Compaction Resistance
W = Gross Vehicle weight
K , KC = Modulus of Terrain Deformation

Z = Sinkage in Terrain
n = Co-efficient of Terrain in Dry Sand
b = Track Width
l = length of track in contact with sand 20
Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Rolling Resistance

Rolling resistance is built up of hysteresis loss in deforming tyres or friction

in tracks, loss in deforming the ground beneath the vehicle frictional losses
in hubs and part of the drive train.

Rr  W (222  3V ) FOR VEHICLES GVW > 20 TONS

Rr  W (133  2.5V ) FOR VEHICLES GVW < 20 TONS

Where,
Rr  Rolling resistance (Newton)
V  Vehicle speed (Kmph)
W = Gross vehicle weight (Tons)

Rolling resistance
Co  efficientof rolling resistance 
Gross veicle weight

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 TRACTIVE EFFORT DIAGRAM
250000
EN GIN E : GR EA V ES EN GIN E
M A X P OW ER : 5 5 0 HP @ 2 3 0 0 R P M
M A X TOR QU E :1 9 3 8 N M @ 1 6 5 0 R P M
F IR S T GEA R : 4 .3 8 5
200000 TORQUE CONVERTER MODE
S EC ON D GEA R : 2 . 6 8 8 5
THIR D GEA R : 1 .6 3 1 0
F OU R TH GEA R : 1 .0
TRACTIVE EFORT IN N

IN P U T GEA R R A TIO : 1 . 9 0 9 0
TOR QU E C ON V ER TER R A TIO : 2 . 0
150000 S P R OC KET R A D IU S : 0 . 3 1 9 5 5 M

FIRST GEAR 35 DEG

30 DEG
100000
20 DEG

SECOND GEAR THIRD GEAR FOURTH GEAR 10 DEG

50000
5 DEG

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
SPEED IN KMPH

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054
 Vehicle Performance
Maximum Speed:
• Assuming vehicle moving on level surface
with uniform speed
• Intersection of traction resistance curve with
traction available curve

Gradability:
• Entire excess traction is used to negotiate
the gradient

Acceleration:
• Assuming vehicle moving on level surface

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 Questions ??

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Combat Vehicle & Research Development Establishment, Chennai- 600 054