Motor Selection

MOTOR CAPABILITIES

 Function

 Rating

 Operating Conditions

 Electrical parameters (Torque characteristic)

 Mechanical parameters (Size, Shaft etc.)

 Motor Selection and Application

Air Borne Contaminant Recommended Degree of Protection Provided by

Sr.No. Industrial Locations Special Treatment
or Hazard Motor Enclosure (See IS 4691 : 1985)

1. General Industrial a) Clean, dry air Open NP/NP IP 21 / IP 23

Installations, Non-
explosive atmosphere b) Dripping water or Dripping or splash proof IP 22 / IP 23 Space heater or low
high humidity voltage heating of
winding during shutdown.

c) Splashing water Splash - proof IP 23 Space heater or low

voltage heating of
winding during shutdown.

d) Abrasive dust / TEFC or pipe ventilated IP 54 Special treatment to

conducting dust or source of clean air stator winding.
available.

e) Textile dust or fibre TE/TEFC, TE pipe IP 44 Clean flow construction.

sticky or oily dust. ventilated or source of IP 44 / IP 54
clean air available.

2. Metal working Abrasive or metallic TE/TEFC, TE pipe IP 44 / IP 54 Turmoute seal in case of

machinery Non- dust, also oil mist. ventilated or source of magnetic dust.
explosive atmospheres clean air available.

Ref : IS 13555 : 1993

 Motor Selection and Application

Air Borne Contaminant Recommended Degree of Protection Provided by

Sr.No. Industrial Locations Special Treatment
or Hazard Motor Enclosure (See IS 4691 : 1985)

3. Chemical plant Corrosive dust vapour, TE / TEFC or pipe IP 44 / IP 54 Space heater, drain
Non-explsive mist or gas. ventilated or source of plugs, anti-corrosive
atmosphere clean air available treatment, epoxy paint.
CACA/CACW (for higher
ratings).

4. Marine application Saline atmosphere TEFC, Hoseproof IP 44 IP 55 Anti-corrosive treatment,

splashing of water. Deck water tight. IP 56 epoxy paint.

5. Outdoor installation Rain or exposure to wind TEFC IP 44 Drain plugs.

driven dust, rain and
snow.

Corrosive dust or TE / TEFC or pipe IP 44 / IP 54 Drain plugs.

vapours. ventilated or source of
clean air available
CACA/CACW (for higher
ratings).

Explosive gas or dust. TE / TEFC or pipe IP 44 / IP 54 Canopy.

ventilated or source of
clean air available
CACA/CACW (for higher
ratings).
 Guide for Selection of Induction Motor for various applications

Application Type of Motor Recommended Check Points Remarks

Pump centrifugal Squirrel cage or slipring. Normally started If star-delta starting with open valve is required,
of reciprocating with close valve please consult motor manufacturer giving starting
conditions torque requirements.

Compresors Rotary Squirrel cage or slipring Unloaded starting In case a squirrel cage motor is to be used to
drive the reciprocating compressor.

Reciprocating Squirrel cage or slipring Starting with partial Please consult motor manufacturer giving
load starting torque requirement and method of
starting.

Centrifugal fans Squirrel cage or slipring Started with closed When a squirrel cage motor is used, the
chamber or closed acceleration time should not exceed 15 seconds
valves. on direct-on-line otherwise please consult motor
manufacturers giving value of fan inertia.

Blowers Squirrel cage or slipring except Starting with valve When a squirrel cage motor is used, the
2-pole motors closed. acceleration time on direct on-line starting should
not exceed 15 seconds. Otherwise (and also
when 2-pole motors are to be used), please
consult motor manufacturers giving starting
torque requirements and inertia of fans with
reference to motor speed.

Ref : IS 13555 : 1993

Note : For proper design of the motor, it is essential that load torque curve and inertia referred to motor speed are supplied to
the motor manufacturer.
 Guide for Selection of Induction Motor for various applications

Application Type of Motor Recommended Check Points Remarks

Agitator and mixers Squirrel cage or slipring Light starting duty When a squirrel cage motor is used, the
(for liquids) acceleration time on direct on-line starting should
not exceed 15 seconds. Otherwise (and also
when 2-pole motors are to be used), please
consult motor manufacturers giving starting
torque requirements and inertia of fans with
reference to motor speed.

Cranes / Hoists High torque squirrel cage or - Please furnish the following to the motor
slipring manufacturer :
i) No. of starts, plug stops inching / reversals per
hour.
ii) Cyclic duration factor.
iii) Method of braking mechanised/Dynamic plug
stop/plug resource.
iv) Starting and pullout torque.
v) Load inertia referred to motor speed.

Lifts Squirrel cage with smooth - - do -

uniform acceleration and quiet
running.

Pulley drive Squirrel cage or slipring Belt tension Please furnish the following to the motor
manufacturers :
i) Type of Belt, Flat or V Belt and Number
ii) Diameter of pulley on motor shaft
iii) Breadth of pulley on motor shaft
iv) If the centre of the hub coincides with the
centre of the rim of the pulley. If not, the
displacement between the two centres may
be furnished.
v) Weight of pulley in kg.
vi) Inclination of pulley system from the horizontal.
 Motor Selection

II) APPLICATION

Electrical suitability Mechanical suitability

 Rated output  Fixing dimensions

 Acceleration  Shaft stressing

 Continuous Running  Bearing life

Drive Data Needed

 Standard Operating Conditions

Supply 3 ph ; 415 V ; 50 Hz

Voltage variation + 6%

Frequency variation + 3%

Combined V & F variation Any combination of the above

Insulation class F

Ambient temperature 40 °C

Altitude < 1000 m

Temperature rise (Winding) 80 °C

Frame size As per IS 1231 / 2223

 Insulation Class

180 MPSST
155
130

o
C 125 MPTR
105
80

40 40 40 AT
0
B F H
 Re-rating Factors - Supply

Voltage variation Frequency Combined voltage & Permissible output

% variation % frequency variation % as % of rated value
+6 +3 +9 100

+ 10 +5 + 10 95

+ 12.5 +5 + 12.5 90

+ 15 +5 + 15 85
 Re-rating Factors - Ambient

Maximum ambient Restriction on Temp.rise Permissible output as

Temp. o C (Resistance method) o C % of rated value
< 30 - 107

30-40 - 100

45 75 96

50 70 92

55 65 87

60 * 60 82

* Refer to works to check any limitation in output due to bearing temperature.

 Re-rating Factors - Altitude

Altitude above mean Permissible output as

sea level in metres % of rated value
1000 100

1500 97

2000 94

2500 90

3000 86

3500 82

4000 77
 Torque characteristics of Driven Machine

1. Constant Torque : (p  n.)

hoist, reciprocating pumps, compressors
operating against constant pressure
rolling mills, belt conveyors.
1
Torque

2. Increase in torque is linear to speed

(p  n2).

Machines for smoothening cloth and paper.

3. Increase in torque is in square proportion

2 4 (p  n3) centrifugal pumps, fans etc.

3 4. Torque decreases inversely to speed

(p = const.)
Lathes, winders etc.

Speed
 Speed - Torque Curves : Motor selection

M M m Motor Torque
Mm
M L Load Torque

Mb M b Accel. Torque

ML

nb
 Motor Selection Example

Motor Type : 1LA0 313-4 WR2 - 5346 lbft 2

GD2 ref. to motor speed :
Output : 132 kW 5346 (495) 2
x
5.94 (1485) 2
Rated Speed : 1485 rpm
= 100 kgfm 2
Rotor GD2 : 10.8 kgfm 2
\ S GD2 = ( 100 + 10.8 )
Rated Torque : 87 kgfm
= 110.8 kgfm2
AV. Motor Torque : 2.5 Mn [DOL]
Av. load Torque :
Driven Equipment 33% of rated torque
: 5346 lbft2
[ Blower ] WR2 \ Mbm = 2.5mn – 0.33 Mn
= Mn ( 2.5 – 0.33 )
= 87 ( 2.5 – 0.33 ) = 188.8
Blower Speed : 495 rpm Kgfm

ta = 110.8 x 1485
Speed - Torque Characteristics
of Blower parabolic 375 x 188.8
= 2.32 Secs ~ 2.5 Secs
 Duty Cycle

Duty : Load the motor is subjected to comprising one or more loads which remain constant for
a specified period or intermittent load in which speed varies intermittently.

S1 - Constant load for a long time such that motor reaches steady temperature.
S2 - Short time constant load.
S3 - Intermittent periodic duty such that starting current does not significantly affect T.R. of motor.
S4 - Same as above but starting current affects significantly T.R. of motor.
S5 - Period of starting  op. at constant load  rapid elect. braking  rest 
de-energised.
S6 - Cycle of constant load + period at no load.
S7 - Period of starting + op. at constant load + rapid electric braking - no rest.
S8 - Period of constant load  at one speed  other constant loads at other speeds
No rest, no de-energised period.

S9 - Duty in which load and speed vary non-periodically.

C.D.F. - Cyclic Duty Factor

 total time which contributes to elect. heating (in 1 cycle) x 100%

one complete cycle time
 Mechanical Suitability

Fa FL

FI Lc SHAFT

Lc

FI - External axial load

Fa - Weight of transmission parts + Belt pull etc.

FL - Weight of rotor + magnetic pull

Lc - Point of application of load
 Factors affecting Bearing Life

– Actual bearing size 62, 63, 64 External Factors :

– Effective sealing of bearing assembly l Pulley alignment, mounting

– Accuracy of machined comp. l Vibration of foundation

– Quality & correctness of grease l Unbalanced pulleys

– New bearing condition l Loose or tight belts

l Re-conditioned bearings
F
l T.R. due to insufficient cooling
l Maintenance by clients
DR l Actual kW loading, pulley size, operating hours

Belt Pull f  kW load (P)

x PCD (DR)
Bearing life  ( D R /P )3

Bearing Life as x * l If kW by 20%, Bearing Life DOUBLES !

* l If Pulley dia DR is reduced by 20%, Life of Bearing by 1/
2 !
 Types of Construction
TEFC Cage Motor - 1LA0

Type of construction Frame size

IMB3 160M - 355L

2)
IMB5 160M - 315M

IMB35 160M - 355L

IMB6* , IMB7* , IMB8 160M - 315L

160M - 280M
IMV5* without canopy
1)
315M, 315L

1)
IMV5* with canopy 160M - 315L

2)
160M - 280M
IMV1 without canopy
1)
315M - 355L

IMV1 with canopy 1)

160M - 355L

160M - 280M
IMV3

315M

160M - 280M
IMV6*
1)
315M, 315L

* For installation of foot mounting mmotors on a wall, a support should be provided for the mounting feet.
1) Two pole motors for 60 Hz cannot be supplied from frame size 315L upwards.
2) The motors are delivered ex-works with two eyebolts corresponding to the type of construction 'IMB5'
whereby one of them can be changed for achieving the type of construction 'IMV1'. It should be
observed through hole of the eyebolt is fitted at right angles to the direction of force.
Ingress Protection Codes
• Protection against solid bodies
0 No protection
1 Objects = 50 mm
2 Objects = 12.5 mm
3 Objects = 2.5 mm
4 Objects = 1.0 mm
5 Dust tight
6 Dust proof
Ingress Protection Codes
• Second Numeral
– Protection against liquid
0 No protection
1 Vertically dripping water
2 75 to 105° angled dripping water
3 Spraying water
4 Splashing water
5 Water Jets
6 Heavy seas powerful water jets
7 Effects of immersion
8 Indefinite immersion
 Motor Spectrum

l TEFC Cage 1LA

l Ring Frame (Textile) 1PD

l Energy Efficient Ring Frame (Textile) 1PE

l Increased Safety (IS 6381) 1MA T1 / T2 / T3

l Non-Sparking (IS 9628) 1LA

l Super Efficient Cage 1SE

l Roller Table 1PR

l TEFC Slipring 1LS

l SPDP Cage 1RA

l Sugar Centrifuge 1SH

l Wind Turbine Generators 1LG

 Range of Motors

Type Frame Sizes No. of Poles

1LA0 160 M ......................... 355 L 2;4;6;8 4/2 ; 8/4
1LA8 315 ; 355 ; 400 4, 6, 8 – 355 4 – 400

1MA0 160 L ......................... 355 L 2;4;6;8

1PD 160 M ......................... 180 L 4

1PE

1SE 160 M ..........................180 L 4

1RA 200 M ......................... 355 / 2 4;6

1LS 160 M ......................... 400 L 4;6;8

 Output Range (kW)

Type 2 - Pole 4 - Pole 6 - Pole 8 - Pole

1LA0 11 ..... 315 11 ..... 315 7.5 ..... 250 5.5 ..... 200
1LA8 250 ..... 710 200 ..... 400 160 ..... 315
1MA 12.5 ..... 245 12.5 ..... 240 9.3 ..... 220 6.3 ..... 175

1RA - 37 ..... 315 22 ..... 250 -

1LS - 15 ..... 355 11 ..... 280 7.5 ..... 180

1PD - 9.3 ..... 22 - -

1PE - 9.3 ..... 15 - -

1SE - 11 ..... 22 - -
 Types of Protection

Type Protection ( IS 4691 )

1LA I P 55

1MA I P 55

1PD / 1PE / 1SE I P 55

1SH I P 23

1PR6 IP 55

1RA I P 23

1LS I P 55

1LG I P 55

Routine Tests
a) Insulation resistance test
b) Measurement of resistance
of windings - stator
- wound rotor
c) No load test at rated voltage
measurement voltage,
current & power input.
d) Locked rotor test, at a
suitable reduced voltage
- Measure voltage current
and power input
e) Reduced voltage running-up
test (for cage motors only)
f) Open circuit voltage ratio
test of stator and rotor
windings (for slipring motors
only)
g) High voltage test
Ref. Std. IS : 4029 - Guide for Testing three phase Induction motor.
Type Tests
i) a) to g) of routine test
ii) starting torque,
starting current test
(at a suitable reduced voltage)
iii) Temperature rise test
iv) Load test for determining
efficiency, power factor and
slip at 125%, 100%, 75%,
50% & 25% load
v) Momentary overload test
-160% for 15 secs.
vi) Dimensions (for motors
covered by IS : 1231 & 2223
only)
Tests on Motors
Special Tests
a) Vibration severity test
b) Test for noise levels of
motor.
c) Tests for 120% overspeed
for 2 minutes.
d) Tests for degree of
protection by enclosure.
e) Temperature rise at limiting
values of voltage and
frequency variation.
IEC Tolerances
Quantity Tolerance
Efficiency -15% of (1 – e)
=50 kW -10% of (1 – e)
>50 kW
Total Losses (>50 kW) +10% of total losses
Power Factor (induction -1/6 of (1-COS Ø)
motors)
Slip (induction motors) ±20% (±30% for outputs
less than 1 kW)
Locked-rotor current +20%
Locked-rotor torque -15%, +25%
Breakdown Torque -10%
Moment of Inertia ±10%