SKMM3033

Finite Element Method

Container Gantry Crane

Structure
Group 3

IZZUL FARHAN
ALIF MUSTAQIM
FAREEZ SYIMEER
MOGANRAJ
 Function

• a structure used to straddle an object or workspace.

• capable of lifting some of the heaviest loads , used for

tasks such as lifting container from ship to port.
Gantry Crane Element

Storage
equipment

Boom

Operating cabin
Vertical frame and
braces
Spreader
• Boom: A horizontal beam that runs transversely
to the
berth.
• Vertical frame and braces: The structure
that holds the boom and
the spreader.
• Spreader: For lifting cargo

• Operating cabin: Set for crew to operate the

crane.
Problem identification
Gantry Crane Container Original Model
 Objective
1) Carry out strength analysis of the boom in
normal wind load operating condition.

2) Carry out strength analysis of the boom at

extreme wind load operating condition
 typhoon wind condition
 level 5 wind condition
3) Determine the maximum container load
that front part of the boom can handle
Interest of Study
STUDY COMPONENT DESIGN
 Material Properties
• Material : Low Carbon-1020 (AISI 1020)
• Model Type : Linear Elastic Isotropic
• Dimension :
• Yield Strength : 3.51571e+ 008 N/m^2
• Tensile Strength : 4.20507e+008 N/m^2
• Elastic Modulus : 2e+011 N/m^2
• Poisson's ratio : 0.29
• Mass Density : 7900 kg/m^3
• Shear Modulus : 7.7e+010 N/m^2
• Thermal Expansion : 1.5e-005 /Kelvin
Coefficient
Side View
Rail View
Rail Front View
MESH OF FRAME
FORCE ACTING REGION
Boundary Condition
Boundry Condition Calculation

Wind level Wind speed Wind

Pressure
Normal 4.0m/s 10 N/m2
Level 5 11.0m/s 75.625N/m2
Typhoon 33.0m/s 680.625N/m2
Note:Wind Speed are based on
beaufort scale
 For Normal Wind Condition,
Dynamic pressure,p=0.5x1.25x(4.0)^2=10N/m2

Boundary condition of container load applied:

Weight of 20ft container = 25000kg x 9.81 = 245250N
Normal Wind Load Operating Condition
Stress
Displacement
Strain
Extreme Wind (Typhoon) Load
Condition
Stress
Displacement
Strain
Level 5 Wind Load Operation
Condition
Stress
Displacement
Strain
Stress Analysis
Weight of 20ft container = 25000kg x 9.81 = 245250N

Yield Strength
= 3.516e+08
Displacement Analysis
Weight of 20ft container = 25000kg x 9.81 = 245250N
 Stress (N/m^2)
Container Weight(N)
Min Max

1 (20ft) 245250 846.6 41060000

1 (40ft) 270756 891.4 45330000

2 (40ft) 541512 1783 96660000

4 (40ft) 1083024 3567 181300000

6 (40ft) 1624536 5348 272000000

 Graph of Stress Against Weight
300000000

Maximum Weight
= 2099447.5 N
250000000

Number of Container
200000000
y = 166.52x + 2E+06
= 2099447.5 / (27500*9.81)
= 7.8
Stress (N/M^2)

=7
150000000

100000000

50000000

0
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000 1800000
Weight (N)
 DISCUSSION
• It is obvious that the maximum
displacement is occurred at the tip
of the boom and this seems
reasonable since it is the point at
which the load is lifted.
• By using frame as structure, the
force distribution is not accurate
enough:
– The contact surface area is not being
calculated
• Stress and displacement in the
structure due to wind action is
directly proportional to the
flexibility of the structure.
• The deflection occur at the structure,
having the same position and axis:
– The deflection is not so critical
– The same position of the structure is caused by
the accumulating in the same direction
• In this problem exact solution is achieved by the
manual calculation of finite element analysis.
 Conclusion
• Geometrical analyses show that the direction across
the boom is the most dangerous, this is because the
surface area exposed to the wind is largest.
• FEM based simulations are important in design to assure
that the crane is fit for purpose and fulfil the design
requirements. Furthermore, it can be used to optimise the
mechanical and geometrical design features of the cranes
• In addition to the important stress distribution visualisation
from the FEM based results, physical deformation shapes
obtained from the experimental study can give more vital
information during crane design decision steps.