PREPARED BY

SUMAN PANDEY
010-1128 (TEAM)
 Present situation
 TIA is the only international airport in Nepal
 Air travel demand is high
 Air transport clearly has a negative effect on
the environment
 In compensation for the environmental
disbenefits, air transport supports economic
growth
 Noise of aircraft
 Air pollution in the vicinity of airports
 Factors with a global impact
 Airport construction
 Waste management
 At present situation there are not any effective
measures adopted by.
 have other environmental programmes to manage their
environmental issues. It reviews the approaches that
they use to manage environmental issues and impacts,
including those that are common to EMS, and it
analyses those most important to them now. In
addition, it investigates the metrics and targets that are
established to measure performance and the types of
guidance that would assist them in implementing an
EMS. Where applicable, the analysis and discussion
investigates trends by industry sector. But in our
context it neither implements an EMS nor follows other
environmental programmes to manage the
environmental issues.
 to find out the importance of “Environmental
Control Measures” in TIA
 to reduce the aircraft noise along with
addressing other environmental impacting
factors.
 the research objective has been set as below.
What could be the effective measure taken
for the mitigation and minimization of aircraft
noise?
 secondary sources of data published by
different published sources such as the, ICAO
(CAAN), and other reliable internet sources.
 Study is broadly based on secondary source of
 Data available from different published sources
such as CAAN, ICAO. So methodologies may
vary between sources.
 It has been very difficult to obtain the required
data
 Over the past three decades, demand for air
transportation has doubled approximately every
seven to eight years.
 One of the biggest environmental challenges for
commercial aviation is, in fact, its rate of growth
 More the demand more will be the impact on
environment, causing environmental problem.
 The aviation industry has made great strides in
reducing the noise impact of airport operations
 The new generation of aircraft – the Airbus 380
and Boeing’s 78 are the quietest yet.
 The spectacular increases in air travel witnessed over the last thirty years
and the projected increases make the environmental impacts of air travel
a particularly pressing issue (IATA, 2000a).
 In 1996 ICAO requested that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) conduct a study on the environmental impacts of aviation
on climate change.
 The aim of the report was to provide an overview of the scientific issues
related to emissions and climate change, directed at the policymaking
community of the aviation industry.
 The IPCC report is currently the most comprehensive study that has been
completed on the environmental impacts of commercial aviation.
Amongst the conclusions of this report was that, while some aspects of
the environmental impact of air travel are well understood, there remain
many scientific uncertainties. The above mentioned data clarifies that
more the demand more will be the impact on environment, causing
environmental problem. The aviation industry has made great strides in
reducing the noise impact of airport operations over the past few
decades. Table 2.1 summaries the impact which is created by aircraft on
environment along with the factors affecting management.
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
Air Emissions
 Air Transport accounts for 3% of
global CO2 emissions and 12% of
transportation
 CO2 emissions
Noise Emissions
 Exacerbated by increasing
residential development near
airports and under flight paths
Congestion
 Up to 10% of aircraft fuel use could
be reduced through more efficient
air traffic management
Waste
 Solid and hazardous wastes
SUMMARY OF IMPACT
• Carbon Dioxide CO2
• Carbon Monoxide
• Hydrocarbons (HC)
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
• Oxides of Sulphur (SOx)
• Condensation trails (contrails)
• Most prominent during landing/take off
cycle (LTO)
• Affects local residents and wildlife.
Increased fuel use (and thus emissions)
caused by circling busy airports and
longer taxiing on the ground
• Solid waste from in-flight service and
aircraft grooming
• Waste generated from airline
administration offices
• Hazardous waste from aircraft
maintenance(e.g. petroleum products)
and deicing of aircraft (glycol)
 Noise is a specific form of pollution.
 It is more a sociological element than an
economic one.
 Too loud a sound or one that is generated too
often, in an improper time, in an improper
place or in an improper situation is designated
as noise.
 Measurement of noise
 Determine the type of instrument and the time
for which the measurements are taken.
 The method and equipment used for long
period monitoring will be different from those
for short-term tasks
 Purpose for which the evaluation will be
performed
 Short term measurement
 Long term monitoring
 Measures taken to mitigate and minimize the
aircraft noise
 Reduction of noise at source
 Land use planning
 Noise abatement procedures
 Operational restrictions
Balanced approach method by ICAO
 Alleviating Noise at Source
 Improved Airport Layout
 Community Programs

 Introduction of noise mitigation

embankments and wooded buffer zone
 Engine run-up noise mitigation
 Sound proofing
 Research Purpose
 Research Approach
 Research Strategy
 Data Collection
 Reliability and validity of data
 Data analysis and interpretation
 Airservices of TIA has to operate a Noise and Flight Path
Monitoring System (NFPMS) to collect noise and flight path data
 determine the contribution of aircraft to overall noise exposure;
 detect occurrences of excessive noise levels from aircraft
operations;
 assess the effects of operational and administrative procedures for
noise control and compliance with these procedures;
 assist in planning of airspace usage;
 validate noise forecasts and forecasting techniques;
 assist relevant authorities in land use planning for developments
on areas in the vicinity of an airport; and
 generate reports and provide responses to questions from the
Government, industry
 organisations, community groups and individuals.
 Tribhuvan International Airport being only one
international airport of our country it has to
cater all the domestic and international aircrafts
 To overcome this problem a monitoring body
along with strong policy should be established
 Establishment of individual governmental body

 Encouragement for the Noise Prevention Law.

 Establishment of Noise mitigation committee.

 Aircraft curfew arrangements could be introduced.

 “Lower the noise lower the landing charge”, this measure can be introduced.

 Installment of aircraft noise monitoring device

 Introduction of noise mitigation embankments and wooded buffer zone.

 Introduction of Noise Reduction Hanger.

 Restriction in operation of the aircrafts to certain less hours which have complaints

 Limit operations to certain runways.

 Operate the aircraft like Bombardier C series, which is four times quieter than
aircraft currently at service.