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The Management Process

Planning
PLANNING
• It is a management function, concerned with
defining goals for future organizational
performance and deciding on the tasks and
resources to used in order to attain those
goals.To meet the goals,nurse managere may
develop plans such as unit plan or a nursing
plan
• PLANNING always has a purpose
– The purpose may achievement of certain goals or
target.
– Planning helps to achieve these goals or targets by
using the time and resource
Planning:
Predetermined Action

What to do: Who to do it: Who is to do it:


-nursing techniques, Professional non-
activities principles professional
GOOD PLANNING
• Involves a continues process of assessment,
establishment of goals and
objectives,implentation and evaluation of
change as new facts become known
POOR PLANNING
• Failure to set goals,make assessment or
provise for implementation or to anticipate
any possible change in circumstances
Some indicators of poor planning:
1. Delivery dates are not met
2. Machines are idle
3. Material is wasted
3 Characteristics of a Plan
• involve the future
• Involve action
• Organizational identification of the action
which will be undertaken either by the
planner or someone designated by or for her.
Types of Plans
1. Strategic Plans
asks the vital question: “what are the right things to do”? It
is usally around 3-5 years,long-term.
2. Operating Plans
the plans main question is “ how does one do things right”?
Its deals with the tactics or techniques for accomphishing
these things. It is shorter in the frame (1 year)
3. Continuous or Rolling Plans
involves mapping out the day-to-day activities,modifying
the plans as necessary depending on the needs and
problems of the patients and the unit to where the plans is
applicable
Plan must set Objectives or Goals
• Goals are defines as broad statements in
intent derived from the purposes of the
organization
• Objectives Specific behavior or tasks set the
accomplishment of the a goal
A Plan must develop schedules,strategies,programs,projects and set
the time frame to achieve the objectives and goals of the
organization.
Strategy is the techniques,methods or procedure to
achieve desired objectives.
Programs are activities put together to facilitate
attainment of some desired goals,such as staff
development programs,outreach programs.
Time Management it is about efficiency and the
determination of the most effective or at least the
best available means of fulfilling a task.”it is not
enough to just work hard at the given task it is
finding the most efficient way to do it.
Tools in Project Management
• 1. Gantt Chart
Show the task and
schedule information,the
task are numberred and
listed vertically.Color or
shading is sometimes
used to show how much
of each task has beeb
completed.
2.Performance Evaluation
and Review
Technique(PERT)
is a network system
model for planning and
contorl which involves
indentifying key
activites,sequences them
in a flow diagram and
assigning a specific
duration for each phase
of work.
3. Critical Path Method or CPM
it is used to create a cost
estimate for using Normal or
Crash operating conditions.
Normal operation conditions
= least cost
Crash operation conditions
= less available time under the
normal condition.
Prepare the Budget and Allocation of
Resources
Budgeting is systematic financial translation of
a plan.It is a tool for planning,monitoring and
controling cost and meeting expenses.
Types of Budgeting
1. Centralizes Budget
Develop and inposed by the
controller,administrator and or director with
no consulatation to low level manager.
2. Decentralized Budget
has the middle level manager involved in
the planning and budgeting process.
Establish Policies Procedures and Standard

Policies used repeatedly or guides or basic rules


that govern action at all levels in the
organization. Ex: Personenel policy,nursing
services policies
Procedures are defined as a more specific guide
to action than policy
Standards indicate the minimal level of
achievement acceptable to meet the set
objectives.
Decision Making
• So the idea that decision making can be a rather
sophisticated art may at first seem strange.
• Process of identifying and choosing a particular
course of action from among several possible.
Kind of Decision
• Whether Decisions- refer to the decision made
before the selection of one of several
alternatives,where selection is made after
weighi

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