Professional Documents
Culture Documents
METHODOLOGY
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Add the details
Brief Concept/idea
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Think about what you want to research on?
◦ Topic of research
◦ Working title
◦ Keywords
◦ Preliminary literature search
Why you want to do this research?
◦ Problem statement
◦ Research gap?
◦ Is it important to solve this?
◦ Significant research contribution?
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Where about will this research be covering?
◦ Population & Sampling
◦ Research Setting
When will this research be conducted?
◦ Scope of research
◦ Period of study
How will this research be conducted?
◦ Methodology
◦ Measurement, Instrumentation, Analysis
◦ Will you solve the problem through the findings of
your research objectives and research questions?
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• Own experience
• Own environment
• Talking to others
1. • Own Reading
• More Readings General
• Availability of previous works Idea
• Contributions 5.
Identify 2. • Journals
Issue or Lots of • Books
Research Readings •Theses
Problem • Proceedings
4. 3.
Identify Refine
• More Readings Gap(s) your Idea • Develop key word
• Own Interest • Ask questions
• More Readings
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1. Title (Working Title)
Chapter 1
1. Brief Introduction (show aim of the study and
how the study is important)
2. Brief Background of the Study (policy stage to the
scope of your study)
3. Statement of the Problem (issues and problems
that guided your study. Findings will shed light to
these problems).
4. Research Objectives
5. Research Questions/Hypothesis (for quantitative)
6. Significance of the Study (for policy makers,
employers, employees, leaders, principals,
teachers, students etc.)
7. Definition of Terms
8. Limitation
9. Conclusion
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Introduction
Theories Related to your study
Review and analysis of past literature related
to the variables of your study
Past studies: review and show how your study
is important
Conclusion
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Introduction
Research Design and Methods
Population and Sampling
Instrumentation
Data Collection (procedure [how], validity,
reliability [pilot study], ethics)
Data Analysis
Conclusion
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Must be accurate, descriptive and
concise (e.g. 20 - word limit). May
include variables and/or a mention of
population.
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1. Title (Working Title)
Chapter 1
1. Brief Introduction
2. Brief Background of the Study
3. Statement of the Problem
4. Research Objectives
5. Research Questions/Hypothesis
6. Significance of the Study
7. Definition of Terms
8. Limitation
9. Conclusion
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In the introduction
Introduce the topic
Show general aim of the study
Briefly state how the study is
important.
• ½ page
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provides readers with the background information for
the research (policy stage to the scope of your study).
Abt ½ to 1 page
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Give a summary of the research problem
that you have identified (issues and
problems that guided your study. Findings
will shed light to these problems).
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Give a concise and clear research
objectives that you want to achieve
through your research project
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Premised on the problem statement
identified, list possible research
questions that could be asked in order
to achieve the research objectives of
the study
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(for policy makers, MOE or other ministries,
employers, employees, leaders, principals,
teachers, students etc.)
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Give a short and precise overview about the present
state of research that is immediately connected to
your own research projects
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Year Author Variables Methods Model Conclusion Comments
(Source) /Framework
Earliest
Latest
Gap
Your
Study
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The Design , Methods and Procedures
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1. Sampling
Sampling is critical to external validity—the
extent to which findings of a study can be
generalized to people or situations other than
those observed in the study.
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Instrumentations
Outline the instruments you propose to use
(surveys, scales, interview protocols,
observation grids).
If instruments have previously been used,
identify previous studies and findings related
to reliability and validity.
If instruments have not previously been used,
outline procedures you will follow to develop
and test their reliability and validity (e.g. pilot
study)
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Instrumentations (cont)
Because selection of instruments in most
cases provides the operational definition
of constructs, this is a crucial step in the
proposal
Include an appendix with a copy of the
instruments to be used or the interview
protocol to be followed.
Also include sample items in the
description of the instrument.
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Data Collection
Outline the general plan for collecting the
data. This may include survey
administration procedures, interview or
observation procedures.
If appropriate, discuss how you obtained
entré.
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Data Analysis
Specify the procedures you will use, and label
them accurately (e.g., descriptive statistics
(mean, standard deviation, frequency,
percentage, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson’s
correlation, MANOVA, ethnography, case study,
grounded theory). If coding procedures are to be
used, describe in reasonable detail.
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Data Analysis
Indicate briefly any analytic tools you will
have available and expect to use (e.g.
SPSS).
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Give if possible, in a table format,
information about your estimated
time table, indicating the sequence
of research phases and the time
that you probably need for each
phase
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Only references cited in the text are
included in the reference list;
however, exceptions can be found to
this rule. For example, if the research
committees may require evidence that
you are familiar with a broader
spectrum of literature than that
immediately relevant to your research.
In such instances, the reference list
may be called a bibliography.
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The need for complete documentation
generally dictates the inclusion of
appropriate appendixes in proposals
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10 Slides for headings below:
Name and Title
Introduction/background
Statement of the Problem
Objectives
Research questions
Literature review (theory related to your study)
Literature review (past studies)
Methodology (research design and methods)
Methodology (population, samples, sampling
method)
Methodology (data collection, data analysis)
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Anything you would like to add
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