WHAT IS NANOMETROLOGY?

• Nanometrology is simply defined as the science of measurement at the nanoscale level.

• The general measurements at nanoscopic level include not only length or size (shape, aspect ratio, and
size distribution) but also chemical composition, nanoparticle concentrations, and various other types
of properties like optical, force, mass, electrical properties.

• The complexity of nanometric measurements arises from the small dimensions of nano-objects, which
are usually less than 100 nm in size.

• Measurements at this scale require a high precision (frequently about 0.1 nm) and hence effective
methods of measurement because traditional methods for conventional materials fall short in this
respect with nanostructures and nanomaterials.
CLASSIFICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES
The most common way to classify Nano structures is by their dimensions .This classification is based
on the number of dimensions of a material, which are outside the nanoscale (<100 nm) range.. These
are:-

1. Zero Dimensional Nanostructures (0D)

• Accordingly, in zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials all the dimensions are measured within the
nanoscale (no dimensions are larger than 100 nm).
• Most commonly, 0D nanomaterials are nanoparticles.

2. One Dimensional Nanostructures(1D)

• Nanomaterials have one dimension is outside the nanoscale. whether freestanding or suspended
in a fluid or embedded in another material.
• This class includes nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires.
CLASSIFICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES
3. Two Dimensional Nanostructures(2D)
• In two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D), two dimensions are outside the nanoscale.
• This class exhibits plate-like shapes and includes graphene, nanofilms, nanolayers, and nanocoatings
• .
4. Three Dimensional Nanostructures(3D)
• Some materials that are not confined to the nanoscale in any dimension.
• This class can contain bulk powders, dispersions of nanoparticles, bundles of nanowires, and nanotubes as well as
multi-nanolayers.