Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented to:
Dr. Alamgeer
Presented by:
Khadija Arshad
Roll no. 04
CONTENTS:
1- INTRODUCTION
5- REFERENCES
1-INTRODUCTION
• Anti-thrombotics include anticoagulants,
anti-platelets
thrombolytics
maintainance regulation of
of CV integrity clot formation
uncontrolled
aggregation leads to
CV diseases e.g
HF [5,6]
Endothelial injury
platelets activated
platelet aggregation
Thrombus formation
PLAN OF WORK
Collection of plant
Preparation of extract
Selection of animal
experimentation
4 -MATERIAL AND METHODS
4.1-MATERIALS:
4.1.1- Plants to be used:
Grewia asciatica
Acacia leuciphloea
4.1.2-Animals to be used:
Human volunteers
Rabbit
Rats
4.1.3-Chemicals to be used:
Arachidonic acid Methanol
Sodium citrate solution Chloroform
Normal saline
4.1.3- Standard Drugs to be used in different models:
•Heparin
•Aspirin
•Xylane
•Streptokinase
Concentrate the
Collection of filterate to
plant dryness using
evaporator
Cleaning and
filteration
drying at RT
Clotting time
For thrombolytic
Percentage weight
loss of clot
A- Rabbit Bleeding Time:
(Model for antiplatelet & anticoagulant activity)
100µl of
100µl of streptokinase
Fluid will be
Incubate at water will suspension will
removed and
37º for 90 be used as be used as
again weigh
minutes negative positive control
the clot
control (2.5mg vial in
PBS)
C-Antiplatelet Activity By Light Transmission
By Aggregometer:
The resulting aggregation will be recorded for 5 min after the challenge,
by the change in light transmission as a function of time.[29]
D- Prothrombin Time:
The prothrombin time test will be screening procedure for the extrinsic coagulation
mechanism. It will detect deficiencies in factor V, VII, and X. The prothrombin time test
will be used to follow oral anticoagulant therapy that inhibit factors VII, IX and X.
Treatment Amount of Amount of Calcium Time of
groups plasma extract chloride soln. coagulation
Control (0.9% 0.2 ml 0.1 ml (NS) 0.3 ml 70 Sec
saline water)
extract (200 0.2 ml 0.1 ml 0.3 ml 8:32 min
µg/ ml)
extract(400 µg/ 0.2 ml 0.1 ml 0.3 ml 22:56 min
ml)
The time taken for the blood samples to clot will be recorded
and compared in this model.[31]
1.0ml of blood from 1.0 ml of blood + 1.5µl 1.0 ml of blood + 0.2 1ml of blood for
marginal ear vein of of heparin as positive ml of distilled water baseline clotting time
rabbit + 2ml of extract control as negative control
• Incubate at 37º in • Incubate at 37º in • Incubate at 37º in • Incubate at 37º in
water bath water bath water bath water bath
5-Impact of study:
This study will also provide basis for the development of safer
and cheaper alternatives of already available synthetic drugs.
5-REFRENCES
1- Nwaehujor Chinaka , Ode Julius O., Nwinyi Florence C.,
Madubuike Stella A., Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Activities of
Dracaena arborea Leaves (Wild.) Link 2013, Vol. 1, No. 4, 86-92.
12- De Almeida Chaves, D.S.; Costa, S.S.; de Almeida, A.P.; Frattani, F.; Assafim, M.;
Zingali, R.B. Metabólitos secundários de origem vegetal: Uma fonte potencial de fármacos
antitrombóticos. Quim Nova 2010, 33, 172–180.
15- Shah, R.; Keough, L.A.; Belalcazar-Portacio, A.; Ramanathan, K.B. Ticagrelor as an
alternative in clopidogrel-associated neutropenia. Platelets 2014, 26, 80–82.
16-Md. Rakib Al-Mamun, Nabiha Amrin, Jahura Begumm and Md. Abdul Mazid,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of
Dhaka,Bangladesh, Thrombolytic activity of some spices and plants available in
Bangladesh, Sci. 36 (2012) 72-77.
17- M.W. Gillman, L.A. Cupples, D. Gagnon, B.M. Posner, R.C. Ellison, W.P.
Castelli, and P.A. Wolf. Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development
of stroke in men, JAMA 273: 1113-1117 (1995).
18- Gesler WM; Therapeutic landscapes: Medical issues in light of the new
cultural geography. Soc Sci Med 1992, 20:228-235.
20- M.W. Gillman, L.A. Cupples, D. Gagnon, B.M. Posner, R.C. Ellison, W.P.
Castelli, and P.A. Wolf. Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development
of stroke in men, JAMA 273: 1113-1117 (1995).
21- Afonne O.J., Orisakwe O.E., Obi E., Orish C. and Akumba D.D. Some Pharmacological
properties of Synclisia scabrida III. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2000; 32: 239-241.
22-Tattelman E. Health effects of garlic. Am. Fam. Physician. 2005; 72 (01): 103-106.
26- Nwaehujor Chinaka O., Ode Julius O., Nwinyi Florence C., Madubuike Stella A.
Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Activities of Dracaena arborea Leaves (Wild.) Link, Vol. 1,
No. 4, 86-92, 2013.
27-Chinaka O. Nwaehujor, Rita . Udegbunam, Julius O. Ode, Stella A. Madubuike,
Antithrombotic activities of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv) seem. ex Bureau leaves,
Vol. 5 (05), pp. 075-079, May, 2015.
29-M. Zia-Ul-Haq1, Shakir Ahmad Shahid, Sagheer Ahmed, Shakeel Ahmad, Mughal
Qayum and Inamullah Khan, Anti-platelet activity of methanolic extract of Grewia
asiatica L. leaves and Terminalla chebula Retz. Fruits(6 January, 2012)
30- Prasanta Dey and Tejendra Bhakta, Evaluation of in-vitro anticoagulant activity of
Molineria recurpata leaf extract,2012.
31- Nwaehujor Chinaka O., Ode Julius O., Nwinyi Florence C., Madubuike Stella A.
Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Activities of Dracaena arborea Leaves (Wild.) Link, Vol. 1, No.
4, 86-92, 2013