HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

CSHUCOIN / ITHUCOIN
Lecture 3 – The Human

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Design Considerations

Human
Computer
Being

Task

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Design Considerations

Human
Computer
Being

Task

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Know Thy User

Corollary:
if you think you know thy user,
think again!

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Know Thy User

https://pamelageller.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/171005-vegas-shooting-victims-grid-mn-1055_9d5b131e0f6c880e1e48215d44dfe273.nbcnews-fp-1200-800.jpeg

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Know Thy User
Diversity across multiple dimensions:
• Age
• Gender
• Physical & Cognitive Abilities
• Education
• Culture or Ethnicity
• Training
• Motivation
• Goals
• personality

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 Newell’s Time Scale of Human Action

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/dana/CogSci1.pdf

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The Human Factor

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The Human Factor

Sensors

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Sensors

• Vision
• Hearing
• Taste
• Smell
• Touch

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=5+senses&rlz=1C1GGRV_enPH774PH775&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0
ahUKEwj-4I_M9YjYAhWMK48KHWy6AJUQ_AUICigB&biw=1280&bih=918#imgrc=3qMZuIDqBXpDiM:

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 Sensors - Vision
• Vision – seeing begins with
the perception of light
through the eye’s lens

https://media.giphy.com/media/yzWxW50V4W8Bq/giphy.gif

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 Sensors – Vision (Properties of Light)

• Frequency – property of light

leading to perception of color

• Intensity – brightness, the rate at

which light energy is delivered to a
unit of surface

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 Sensors - Vision

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 Sensors - Vision

https://michellesive.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/color-thesaurus-correct-names-blue-shades.jpg

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https://www.usmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/shoe-a3f883df-6c20-4da1-8edf-2e96965c4a41.jpg

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1.xx&oh=e489902ef157539f0a8565d71e757425&oe=5C9C01F6

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 Sensors – Vision (Primitives)

• Fixations – The eye is stationary,

denoting that attention is fixed at a
point

• Saccades – The eye is moving,

denoting that attention is shifting
from one point to another
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 Sensors - Vision

• Scanpath – sequence of fixation

and saccades or trace of eye
movement

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 Sensors - Vision

https://feng-gui.com/images/gallery/motorola-both-500-352.jpg

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https://images.muralsyourway.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/1800x/03c2e8579c79eba8d806544537392f6b/f/5/f52b85b6fed2d98db28
a33f2d9f85bab.jpeg

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 Sensors - Hearing (Audition)

• Hearing – detection of sound by

humans

https://giphy.com/gifs/anime-gif-cat-ears-e0NP3zuY1Q08w

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Sensors - Hearing (Audition)
• Loudness
– Physical property of intensity
• Pitch
– Frequency of the sound
• Timbre
– Richness of the sound; dependent on harmonic
structure of the sound
• Envelope
– Buildup and transition in time
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 Sensors – Touch (Tactition)
Sense of touch – controlled by a huge network
of nerve endings and touch receptors in the
skin known as the somatosensory system.

https://pa1.narvii.com/6628/0327387ae9fa39acf4d8feec871d9215435151fe_hq.gif
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Sensors – Touch (Tactition)
• Touch – refers to just one aspect of the
somatosensory system

• Includes sensory receptors in the skin,

muscles, bones, joints

• Provides information on touch,

temperature, pain, and body and limb
position
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Sensors – Touch (Tactition)
• Refers to information provided through the
somatosensory system

• Includes the feel of touchpads, keyboards,

mice

• Other feedback such as vibrations

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 Sensors – Smell & Taste
• Smell (Olfaction) – ability to perceive odors
• Taste (Gustation) – chemical reception

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11983-1430422168-23.gif?downsize=715:*&output-format=auto&output-quality=auto

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The Human Factor

Responders

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Responders
• Limbs – refers to HCI as upper body,
Used to manipulate keyboards, mice,
and other controllers.
– Fingers
– Hands
– Arms

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COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
Responders
• Voice – sounds created by a
combination of movement in the
larynx and pulmonary pressure.
- Can be used as input for
automatic speech recognition

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COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
Responders
• Eyes – usually used as sensor but
may also be used as an input e.g. Eye
tracking Systems

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https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2NcUkvIX6no/maxresdefault.jpg

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http://www.filmtakeout.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/avengers-iron-man-1.png

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The Human Factor

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The Human Factor – The Brain

• Perception

• Cognition

• Memory

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The Human Factor – The Brain
• Perception - the process by which
the brain interprets and organizes
the chaos that bombards our senses,
is formed and how it affects our
memories.

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The Human Factor – The Brain
• Cognition- refers to thinking
o Reasoning
o Problem Solving

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The Human Factor – The Brain
• Reasoning
- Deductive
- Inductive
- Abductive

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The Human Factor – The Brain
• Problem Solving
e.g.
- Gestalt (based on experience)
- Problem space theory (Probability)
- Analogy

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 Human Memory

http://www.stressbeaters.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/memory-concept-fb.jpg

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Human Memory

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Sensory Memory

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Image will be flashed

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http://img.taste.com.au/sCaoSTnw/taste/2016/11/black-forest-cake-92535-1.jpeg

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What was the Image?

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http://img.taste.com.au/sCaoSTnw/taste/2016/11/black-forest-cake-92535-1.jpeg

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COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
http://www.trowse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/spikey600.jpg

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https://pixabay.com/p-1433335/?no_redirect

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Sensory Memory
Iconic – visual
persistence of the image after the
stimulus has been removed

Echoic – aural
allows a brief “play-back”

Haptic – touch

Smell

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Short-term Memory

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You have 30 seconds to
memorize the next slide

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Write everything you remember

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How many did you get?

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Short-term Memory

• Scratch-pad for temporary recall

• Used for information needed
fleetingly
• Rapid access, limited capacity
• Patterns where used for memory
aids

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Long-term memory

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Long-term memory

Information held in LTM is not

represented as patterns of neural
activity but rather as changes in
brain wiring - neurons

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Long-term memory

Capacity: virtually unlimited

Duration: up to lifetime

Processing: information is organized

according to meaning and
associatively linked.

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Long-term memory

PROCESS
• Storing
• Forgetting
• Remembering

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Long-term memory (Storing)

Total time hypothesis - amount learned is

proportional to amount of time spent

Distribution of practice effect - learning time

is most effective if distributed over time

Information must be meaningful for it to be

stored

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Long-term memory (Storing)

• Tree • Monitor
• Car • Lights
• Dog • Key
• Boy • Glass
• Door • Water

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Write what you remember

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Long-term memory (Storing)

• Logic • Concept
• Idea • Hard
• Love • Friendship
• Faith • Anger
• Hope • System

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Write what you remember

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Compare the number you
remembered from the first
list to the second list

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Long-term memory (Remembering)
• Decay
• Interference - old replaced by new or vice
versa
- Retroactive interference – new
information replaces the old
- Proactive inhibition – the old memory
interferes with the new information

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Long-term memory (Forgetting)

Recall - reproduced from memory

Recognition - the info has been
seen before

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Language

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Language
• Mental faculty that allows us to communicate
• In HCI, much of our interest is in written text
– Text that appears on a display
• Human language is robust
– We understand sentences that are incomplete
– We understand words even if they are distorted

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Language
Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at an Elingsh
uinervtsiy it deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr
the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny
iprmoetnt tihng is that frist and lsat ltteer is
at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl
mses and you can still raed it wouthit
problems. This is bcuseae we do not raed
ervey lteter by it slef but the word as a
wlohe.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
Laboratory

Human Performance

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Laboratory

1. Delay between a stimulus and a response

(Reaction Time)
Try this:

http://www.humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactionti
me

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Laboratory

2. Speed at which we are able to locate an item of

interest (Visual Search)

Try this: http://www.gocognitive.net/demo/visual-

search

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 Laboratory
Define the following and give instances where
these human performance can be observed

1.Reaction Time
2.Visual Search
3.Skilled behavior
4.Attention
5.Human Errors

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 Laboratory

https://www.facebook.com/BeConstantlyCurious/videos/137386723594045
/

https://www.facebook.com/BeConstantlyCurious/?hc_ref=ARTZnpAo5nu2
GxBCuTulhT_TCmbsOkOy5KylpF6fWm72PjaX7vQ9sRD3G-DC5tcBswI

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References
http://myweb.lmu.edu/dondi/share/ixd/principles.pdf

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/dana/CogSci1.pdf

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=k0kBgyCaokAC&pg=PA30
&lpg=PA30&dq=human+sensors+respomders+machine+hci&sour
ce=bl&ots=7EIr1Ale8L&sig=71BFau4Sn61qz6vQFzHBz3kJ2dQ&
hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_0cTHhYbYAhXEVrwKHYkwDuwQ6
AEINTAF#v=onepage&q=human%20sensors%20respomders%2
0machine%20hci&f=false

http://slideplayer.com/slide/9962102/

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