TURBINES

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Turbines
 Converts pressure and/or kinetic energy of a fluid into
mechanical energy
 Types
 Impulse Turbines (eg. De Laval, Curtis, Pelton)
 Reaction turbines (eg. Parson, Francis, keplon)

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Impulse turbines

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Impulse turbines
 In impulse turbine the water flows through the nozzles
and impinges on the blades
 Loss of kinetic energy of the fluid across the blades is
directly proportional to the energy transferred.
 Pressure drop happens only across the stationary
(nozzle) blades. No pressure drop across the moving
blades.
 Since the fluid has to leave the blades at some velocity
to allow fresh fluid to enter the blades the efficiency can
never be 100%
 Also there will be some fluid frictional loss.
 Modern steam turbines efficiency 80% to 90%
Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in
SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Reaction turbines

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Reaction turbines

Pin Wheel (or) wind spinner (or) windmill

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Reaction turbines

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Reaction turbines

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603 110
 Reaction Turbines

 In reaction turbine the water is guided by the guide

blades to flow over the moving vanes.
 The blades are moved partially by impulse and partially
by reaction
 There will be pressure drop across both stationary and
moving blades

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Impulse
Vs
Reaction

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Impulse Vs Reaction
Description Impulse Reaction

Driving force Impulse force only Both impulse and

reaction force
Expansion Completely in nozzle or Both in fixed blades and
fixed blades moving blades
Blades Symmetrical Non-symmetrical
Gap between Is same between inlet and Gap is smaller at inlet
blades outlet compared to outlet
Efficiency Low High

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110
 Impulse Vs Reaction
Description Impulse Reaction

Rotor Speed High Low

Capacity Suitable for Small Medium to large

capacities capacities

Space occupied Less More

Fluids relative Relative velocity of the Relative velocity of the

velocity fluid at inlet and outlet of fluid at the outlet of the
the moving blades is moving blades is higher
same to get the reaction force.

Department of Mechanical Engineering ebenezerd@ssn.edu.in

SSN College of Engineering, Kalvakkam 603 110